[26], Selmouni v. France (2000) the Court has appeared to be more open to finding states guilty of torture ruling that since the Convention is a "living instrument", treatment which it had previously characterized as inhuman or degrading treatment might in future be regarded as torture. For the song, see, Eurasian countries with no hate crime laws, Support for and opposition to hate crime laws. Dumbledore's response prompted several further letters from Lucius, consisting of "opprobrious remarks" on Dumbledore's sanity, parentage, and hygiene. WebWardell Stephen "Dell" Curry (born June 25, 1964) is an American former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1986 until 2002. A proud member of the social elite that commanded great respect in certain circles, Abraxas Malfoy was, in addition to a harshly demanding parent with high expectations and known to have kept a collection of dark magical artefacts harking back to family history, also a man of considerable (and much resented) influence at the Ministry of Magic in London; all things that Lucius would eventually go on to emulate later in life.[13]. He had no qualms about appealing to whichever side would be more beneficial to his social advancement. Dumbledore was Headmaster at least part of Lucius` schooltime as Lucius was in his sixth or seventh year when the Marauders started at Hogwarts and then Dumbledore was already Headmaster. WebThe European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR; formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international convention to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe.Drafted in 1950 by the then newly formed Council of Europe, the convention entered into force on 3 September 1953. A Latin male first name. Article 9 provides a right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. He then argued with his sister-in-law about who would be the one to call Voldemort with their Dark Marks, but they held off when Bellatrix noticed Gryffindor's Sword, which she had believed to be in her Gringotts vault, among their possessions. In 1992, Lucius Malfoy was indirectly responsible for the second opening of the Chamber of Secrets. 1984. He was also openly critical of Draco's school marks being lower than those of Hermione Granger, a Muggle-born witch, reproving Draco for his lack of effort to show her up. Trending. The Time-Turner he created was kept by Draco, and used to save Scorpius and his friend who were trapped in the past.[62]. As such, when Dumbledore succeeded Armando Dippet as headmaster, Lucius saw it as the worst thing ever to have happened to Hogwarts; a sentiment he would carry with him into to adulthood.[22]. This Friday, were taking a look at Microsoft and Sonys increasingly bitter feud over Call of Duty and whether U.K. regulators are leaning toward torpedoing the Activision Blizzard deal. Lucius was one of Lord Voldemort's most trusted and high-ranking Death Eaters, serving him in both the First and Second Wizarding Wars. [104], One of the largest waves of hate crimes in the history of the United States took place during the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1971. And, being no less enthralled by their quest for the purification of the wizarding race than before, not to mention very much in favour of the idea to rid the world of Muggle-borns and putting pure-bloods in charge, Lucius eventually swore his eternal allegiance to the Dark Lord and, officially joined the ranks of the Death Eaters in earnest.[25]. However, he wanted to play basketball in college for the Virginia Tech Hokies, which was inspired by his fathers career, where he was offered a walk-on spot. New York: Oxford University Press. [90], In June 2009, Attorney General Eric Holder said recent killings showed the need for a tougher U.S. hate-crimes law to stop "violence masquerading as political activism. This attempt would have resulted in her death if Harry Potter had not intervened. Buckbeak's owner, gamekeeper Rubeus Hagrid, desperately tried to defend him. (For more on Protocols 6 and 13, see below). Dell was a basketball player at Virginia Tech Sonya was a volleyball player at Virginia Tech Both Curry and Adams were born and are natives of Virginia. Specifically, several classes of "British national" (such as British National (Overseas)) do not have the right of abode in the United Kingdom and are subject to immigration control there. As the show ended in 1989, Lewis was a young adult in his final year at Therefore, he could still make excellent use of it by not only purging Hogwarts of Muggle-borns but also by sabotaging Weasley's reputation, eliminating an incriminating Dark artefact all at once and hopefully even exploiting the forthcoming chaos to have Dumbledore removed from his position at the school. [31], And just when victory seemed to be within reach, and Lucius his family were at the very cusp of authority and prestige the likes of which his family had never known, Narcissa gave birth to their son and only child, Draco, in 1980. Loyalty Following Voldemort's defeat, Lucius, Narcissa, and Draco sat in the Great Hall during the celebrations, looking unsure that they belonged there.[58]. [25], In Aksoy v. Turkey (1997) the Court found Turkey guilty of torture in 1996 in the case of a detainee who was suspended by his arms while his hands were tied behind his back. But whereas Lord Voldemort and his Death Eaters were swiftly becoming a source of widespread fear by a most of his own kind, Lucius, on the other hand, found himself rather agreeing with their views regarding the treatment that the non-magical community deserved. Throughout the entirety of his magical education, Lord Voldemort and his followers had only been gaining in strength, until finally the ongoing conflict culminated in the First Wizarding War. This doesnt come as a surprise as any time this unique basketball skipper grace the courts, his outstanding prowess and incredible style of play leaves us in awe. [50], The United Kingdom's failure to ratify this protocol is due to concerns over the interaction of Article 2 and Article 3 with British nationality law. He then set in motion the old task that Voldemort assigned him which involved reopening the Chamber of Secrets. The Czech legislation finds its constitutional basis in the principles of equality and non-discrimination contained in the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms. In a fit of rage upon both losing his servant and being tricked by a much younger adversary, Lucius lost his normally controlled and calculating demeanour and tried to attack Harry. Lucius was indirectly responsible for the Chamber's opening. He holds an American nationality while he belongs to an African It included sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, disably status, and military personnel and their family members. After their escape, the Malfoys and Bellatrix were severely punished by Voldemort and were confined to the manor. By the time of the Battle of Hogwarts, Lucius showed that he was more concerned with his son's safety than Voldemort's cause, begging to be permitted to find him when the fighting began. Public colleges and universities can come with far less sticker shock than their private sector counterparts, but that isn't to say they offer a substandard education or even diminished cachet. It is unknown when Lucius's mother died, but it is possible that she was not alive during the Second Wizarding War. [42], During the 19851986 school year, he arrived at the school for a surprise inspection, which he claimed was on instructions of the board, bringing Draco with him. Other highlights include his NBA/Basketball career, achievements and awards, famous quotes, plus other on-screen and off-screen facts about his life. The lists do not show all contributions to every state ballot measure, or each independent expenditure committee As a prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials, he had seen first-hand how international justice could be effectively applied. Later however, Lucius selfishly throwing away the diary Horcrux, his failure in retrieving the Prophecy, and subsequent imprisonment in Azkaban made him and his family lose any favour in Voldemort's eyes, and the Dark Lord may gave Lucius's son a nearly impossible task to punish Lucius. Draco mentioned many years later that Lucius never wanted to use the "true" Time-Turner to save Voldemort, as he probably preferred a world without him, suggesting that even Lucius despised the Dark Lord in the end, particularly due to the ill treatment Voldemort had given to the Malfoy family at their later half of their Death Eater services. Belarus has a penalty-enhancement statute for crimes motivated by racial, national, and religious hatred and discord.[23][25]. Dobby, his former House-elf who he treated abusively. 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Jack Curry, 2-timesNBA Most Valuable Player(2015,2016), 3-timesAll-NBA First Team(2015,2016,2019), Consensus second-team All-American (2008), 2-timesSoCon Player of the Year(2008, 2009). Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Kyrie Irving of Australia, and Giannis Antetokounmpo of Greece are the only winners not born in the United States. The Convention has had a significant influence on the law in Council of Europe member countries[4] and is widely considered the most effective international treaty for human rights protection. In the summer of 1997, nearly a year after being imprisoned, Lucius and all the other incarcerated Death Eaters escaped Azkaban with the help of Voldemort, who never bothered to get him out after all that time. He is the eldest son of a computer scientist and a single mother. He has been married to Sonya Curry since August 27, [58], The result of the massacre at Malfoy Manor, Lucius was present when Voldemort was informed by several goblins from Gringotts that the Trio had robbed the Lestrange Vault. In fact, rather than going to find Lord Voldemort when he lost all his powers in the first place, he instead pretended to have seen the error of his ways and tried to ingratiate himself to the Ministry of Magic. The second paragraph of Article 2 provides that death resulting from defending oneself or others, arresting a suspect or fugitive, or suppressing riots or insurrections, will not contravene the Article when the use of force involved is "no more than absolutely necessary". Article 13 provides for the right for an effective remedy before national authorities for violations of rights under the Convention. Article 12 provides a right for women and men of marriageable age to marry and establish a family. [137] On the other side, Law 7716/1989 covers "crimes resulting from discrimination or prejudice on the grounds of race, color, ethnicity, religion, or national origin". Is Sonya Curry married? When Arthur proposed the Muggle Protection Act in 1992, Lucius was furious to the point of trying to sabotage Arthur by placing an old diary of Tom Marvolo Riddle's on Arthur's eleven-year-old daughter, Ginny, endangering her life as well as those of Muggle-born Hogwarts students, as this led to the opening of the Chamber of Secrets.[64]. [59] This caused Voldemort to panic, and when he was informed that a small golden cup had been stolen, he flew into a rage. Curry plays gulf regularly and engages in celebrity golf tournaments. However, before Ministry executioner Walden Macnair could carry out the execution, Buckbeak was saved by Harry and Hermione (with the help of Hermione's Time-Turner), and subsequently came to be owned by Sirius Black. From there, we can trace two basic lines of protection against hate-motivated incidents: one passes through criminal law, the other through civil law. [105] At the time, civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. and their supporters fought hard for the right of African Americans to vote, as well as for equality in their everyday lives. Hagrid saw through Lucius and shouted at him accusing him of threatening the other governors. Curry was expected to take on bigger offensive roles, with Kevin Durant leaving the Warriors and Thompson on the injury list. 1983/84. Slytherin "[45] Iceland is a party to the Convention on Cybercrime, but not the Additional Protocol. [84] In May 2020, the killing of African-American jogger Ahmaud Arbery reinvigorated efforts to adopt a hate-crimes law in Georgia, which was one of a handful of states without a such legislation. Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 7 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Leela Frderkreis E.V. He was named to the Associated Press All-America Second Team, bagged the Most Outstanding Player of the Midwest Region of the 2008 NCAA Tournament. [41] As a governor, Lucius submitted a demand to the Headmaster to have The Fountain of Fair Fortune banned from the Hogwarts library, as it depicted a love between a witch and a Muggle. Consequently, Lucius was sacked as a Hogwarts Governor. ECRI, "Second Report on Bulgaria", adopted on 18 June 1999, and made public on 21 March 2000. This Protocol contains three different rights which the signatories could not agree to place in the Convention itself. He arrived in Little Hangleton Graveyard and claimed that he had done everything he could all along to find Voldemort. [33], Finnish Criminal Code 515/2003 (enacted 31 January 2003) makes "committing a crime against a person, because of his national, racial, ethnical or equivalent group" an aggravating circumstance in sentencing. Draco was attacked after he provoked the hippogriff during a Care of Magical Creatures lesson. [64] He was furious with Harry Potter after the Battle of the Department of Mysteries, blaming him for getting Lucius incarcerated. Under the "independent tribunal" requirement, the court has ruled that military judges in Turkish state security courts are incompatible with Article 6. [34], As of 2016, eight member states had ever invoked derogations. However, as of 2003, no convictions had been attained under the law.[43]. In section 46 of the German Criminal Code it is stated that "the motives and aims of the perpetrator; the state of mind reflected in the act and the willfulness involved in its commission"[37] can be taken into consideration when determining the punishment; under this statute, hate and bias have been taken into consideration in sentencing in past cases. [7], From 7 to 10 May 1948, politicians including Winston Churchill, Franois Mitterrand and Konrad Adenauer, civil society representatives, academics, business leaders, trade unionists, and religious leaders convened the Congress of Europe in The Hague. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Mass racial violence in the United States, "Comparison of Hate Crime Rates Across Protected and Unprotected Groups", "They beat, cough and spit. Article 22(4) of the Spanish Penal Code includes a penalty-enhancement provision for crimes motivated by bias against the victim's ideology, beliefs, religion, ethnicity, race, nationality, gender, sexual orientation, illness or disability. House [20], Sociologists Jack McDevitt and Jack Levin's 2002 study into the motives for hate crimes found four motives, and reported that "thrill-seeking" accounted for 66 percent of all hate crimes overall in the United States:[21][22]. Liberty and security of the person are taken as a "compound" concept security of the person has not been subject to separate interpretation by the Court. Lucius was furious and from that point on, treated him with cool contempt. Father and son had an argument for Draco's willingness to let the Malfoy bloodline end with him to preserve Astoria's frail body, showing that Lucius still maintained his belief in pure-blood supremacy over the well-being of a human being, and that the mistreatment he received from the Second Wizarding War did little to change his opportunistic and bigoted personality. These amendments have, with the exception of Protocol 2, amended the text of the convention. It is overseen and enforced by the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, and the Council of Europe. Lucius's constant donations to important establishments were actually nothing more than bribing Fudge for classified information, delaying laws, and receiving undeserved rewards and recognitions. [2] The winner is voted upon by a panel of media members, who cast their vote after the conclusion of the game. [47], Only the Malfoys' house-elf Dobby was aware of the diary's true nature, but Lucius did not believe his servant would interfere since house-elves were unable to disobey the commands of their masters. At SportyTell.com, we strive for fairness and accuracy. In the year before, only 28 events had been recorded of hate crimes against Muslims; in 2001, this number jumped to 481. In 2018, by six votes to one, the Court declined.[29]. In addition, he is known as the father of Sonya Alicia Curry, an American teacher. Originally, the term referred to the extrajudicial organized but unauthorized punishment of criminals. Curry also became the first player to record a 400 three-pointer in a season. Barty Crouch Jnr was a highly loyal Death Eater who had a strong dislike towards Lucius for never attempting to search for Voldemort after he disappeared. Battle of the Department of Mysteries participants, Hogwarts students during the Marauders' era, Plot to open the Chamber of Secrets participants, Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, Committee for the Disposal of Dangerous Creatures, St Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries, J.K. Rowling and the Live Chat, Bloomsbury.com, July 30, 2007, Writing by J. K. Rowling: "The Malfoy Family", Short Stories from Hogwarts of Power, Politics and Pesky Poltergeists, Bloomsbury Webschat with J.K. Rowling 30 July 2007. They met after Harry Potter's disciplinary hearing and went upstairs to Fudge's office, where Harry suspected Lucius gave gold to Fudge. [24] Austria is a party to the Convention on Cybercrime, but not the Additional Protocol. [65] A Scottish Executive working group examined the issue of hate crime and ways of combating crime motivated by social prejudice, reporting in 2004. [14] While in Flourish and Blotts Lucius got into a physical altercation with Arthur. Grande dizionario della lingua italiana, UTET, Torino, V. XVII, p.577, Battaglia, Salvatore (1961). This includes the freedom to change a religion or belief, and to manifest a religion or belief in worship, teaching, practice and observance, subject to certain restrictions that are "in accordance with law" and "necessary in a democratic society". This provision usually applies, apart from torture, to cases of severe police violence and poor conditions in detention. Article 18 provides that any limitations on the rights provided for in the Convention may be used only for the purpose for which they are provided. In 1996, the federal government amended a section of the Criminal Code that pertains to sentencing. Article 282 of the Criminal code further includes protections against incitement of hatred (including gender) via various means of communication, instilling criminal penalties including fines and imprisonment. It is unknown how Lucius reacted when he learnt of Snape's death and his true loyalties to Dumbledore, though it is possible that he was saddened by the death of his old friend and may have been sympathetic towards Snape due to his own disillusionment from the Death Eaters. After the Battle of the Department of Mysteries, Fudge was forced to believe that Voldemort had indeed returned, and all the Death Eaters who took part on the battle (with the exception of Bellatrix Lestrange) were sentenced to Azkaban, among them being Lucius. As a result, Hagrid was arrested as a precautionary measure by Cornelius Fudge. "Herkunft und Rolle eines sterreichischen Spitznamens fr den Preuen, den Nord-und den Reichsdeutschen. [95], In 2018, the Hate Crime Statistics report showed 59.5 percent were motivated by race bias and 16.9 percent by sexual orientation. [23], In Kyrgyzstan, "the Constitution of the State party prohibits any kind of discrimination on grounds of origin, sex, race, nationality, language, faith, political or religious convictions or any other personal or social trait or circumstance, and that the prohibition against racial discrimination is also included in other legislation, such as the Civil, Penal and Labour Codes. In turn, the Malfoys disliked Hagrid, referring to him as an "oaf". In February 2009, Curry rolled his ankle in a game against Furman, which made him record his first and only miss in a game in his college career. Stephen Curry with his dad and mom, Dell and Sonya Credit: Getty Who are Stephen Curry's parents Sonya and Dell Curry? [71], As of 2004, Jewish people were the largest ethnic group targeted by hate crimes, followed by black people, Muslims, South Asians, and homosexuals (Silver et al., 2004). Curry debuted for the USA national team at the 2007 FIBA Under-19 World championship where they won gold. [52], Harry with Dumbledore and Mr Malfoy after having defeated the Basilisk in the Chamber of Secrets. ", Cameron condemns xenophobic and racist abuse after Brexit vote, "Hate crime is unacceptable in any circumstances say police", "Manchester police to record attacks on goths, emos and punks as hate crimes", "Hate crimes: Fresh guidance on online offences", "Reforms to hate crime laws to make them fairer, and to protect women for the first time", "Misogyny: Women 'should be protected' under hate crime laws", "Hate crimes on police 'more likely to be charged', "Offences (Aggravation by Prejudice) (Scotland) Act 2009", "Offences (Aggravation by Prejudice) (Scotland) Bill", "Las feministas saludan la rectificacin del fiscal Gertz sobre el tipo penal de feminicidio", "El asesinato de un joven homosexual en Jalisco enciende de nuevo las alarmas sobre los delitos de odio en Mxico", "Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch Hosts the 63rd Annual Attorney General Awards Honoring Department Employees and Others For Their Service (U.S. Department of Justice News Release)", "1 year after Blaze Bernstein's killing, parents look to turn alleged hate crime into 'movement of hope', "Hate Crime Laws Don't Prevent Violence Against LGBT People: So why do many LGBT people, and others, feel so deeply about the need to have them? Lucius attending the Death Eater meeting that took place in his manor. [1][96], Prosecutions of hate crimes have been difficult in the United States. Murder and infliction of serious bodily injury motivated by racial, religious, national, or ethnic intolerance are distinct crimes (Article 111). [23] This, he began to carrying around with him, both as a status symbol and as a replacement for his original wand. [77], Until California state legislation included all crimes as possible hate crimes in 1987, criminal acts which could be considered hate crimes in various states included aggravated assault, assault and battery, vandalism, rape, threats and intimidation, arson, trespassing, stalking, and various "lesser" acts. "Sinc At the end of the Congress, a declaration and following pledge to create the Convention was issued. Drafted in 1950 by the then newly formed Council of Europe,[1] the convention entered into force on 3 September 1953. However, Lucius did not openly declare himself against him until after Lord Voldemort took control of the Ministry. 2 (). Armenia has signed but not ratified the protocol. In June 2020, after the death of several African Americans at the hands of police officers - in particular, George Floyd - triggered protests around the world as part of the Black Lives Matter movement,[128] hate crimes against the black trans community began to increase. Agency highlights surprise overdraft and surprise depositor fees However, within the sentencing procedure the judge can define certain principles for determining punishment. Moving on, she also has two siblings named Stephen Curry and Seth. The Law of International Human Rights Protection. [38] Lucius eventually went on to raise his son in an atmosphere of regret that the Dark Lord had not succeeded in taking command of the wizarding community. [154] American forensic psychologist Karen Franklin said that the term hate crime is somewhat misleading since it assumes there is a hateful motivation which is not present in many occasions;[155] in her view, laws to punish people who commit hate crimes may not be the best remedy for preventing them because the threat of future punishment does not usually deter such criminal acts. Thus, even though many like Arthur Weasley, the Head of the Misuse of Muggle Artefacts Office, never believed his version of the events, Lucius nevertheless became one of the first to "come back" to the right side and released from custody. Protocol 6 prohibits the imposition of the death penalty in peacetime, while Protocol 13 extends the prohibition to all circumstances. She was born on May 30, 1966, in Virginia to Haitian mother, Candy Adams, and an African father, Clive Ester Adams. [47], Lucius being magically blasted back by Dobby for attempting to assault Harry. During the Battle of Hogwarts, Bellatrix was eventually killed by Molly Weasley, although Lucius's reaction to her death is unknown. The Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. An average of 11 women are killed every day. [36], Article 16 allows states to restrict the political activity of foreigners. In February 2012, he strained a tendon in his right foot and had surgery in April. Examples of such groups can include, and are almost exclusively limited to ethnicity, disability, language, nationality, physical appearance, age, religion, gender identity, or sexual orientation. In Wisconsin v. Mitchell, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously found that penalty-enhancement hate crime statutes do not conflict with free speech rights, because they do not punish an individual for exercising freedom of expression; rather, they allow courts to consider motive when sentencing a criminal for conduct which is not protected by the First Amendment. Once Lucius and his family lost favour with Voldemort the other Death Eaters largely lost any respect they had towards Lucius, even loudly jeering at him when Voldemort mentioned their relation by marriage to werewolf Remus Lupin (through Lucius's niece Nymphadora Tonks). Because he and his family defected from the Death Eaters they were pardoned for their crimes after Voldemort's final defeat and did not serve a stint in Azkaban. [82] As of the fall of 2020, 46 states and the District of Columbia have statutes criminalizing various types of hate crimes. Curry was out until March 5, 2020, when he returned in a game against the Toronto Raptors. Heir apparent to a long line of wily beneficiaries of political patronage in the magical community, Lucius also wasted little time in carrying on the family tradition of frequenting the headquarters of the Ministry of Magic in London, where he successfully used his family name and fortune to curry favour with a number of high-ranking Ministry officials, and became a very well-connected man.[1]. A hate crime (also known as a bias-motivated crime or bias crime)[1] is a prejudice-motivated crime which occurs when a perpetrator targets a victim because of their membership (or perceived membership) of a certain social group or racial demographic. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the violence against people of Asian origin significantly increased on the background of accusation of spreading the virus. However, he was arrested and sent to Azkaban. Nationality: American: Height: 6 feet, 3 inches: Shoe Size: 13.5: Weight: 190 lbs (86 kg) Education: Charlotte Christian (Charlotte, North Carolina), Davidson College: Parents: Sonya Curry (mother), Dell Curry (father) Spouse: Ayesha Curry Wardell Stephen Curry II was born on March 14, 1988, to Sonya Curry and former NBA At the end of the season, he added more feathers to his cap. This is a list of African Americans, also known as Black Americans or Afro-Americans. Human 9. Oscar Robertson, Michael Jordan, Shaquille O'Neal, and LeBron James have each won the award three times, while Bob Cousy, Julius Erving, Isiah Thomas, Magic Johnson, Karl Malone, Allen Iverson, Russell Westbrook, and Kevin Durant have all won the award twice. African Americans form the third largest racial and ethnic group in the United States, behind 1987/463 (N.I. [60], Crown Prosecution Service guidance issued on 21 August 2017 stated that online hate crimes should be treated as seriously as offences in person. 2000", "ofay - Origin and history of ofay by Online Etymology Dictionary", "A Visual Database of Extremist Symbols, Logos and Tattoos", "Constitution and internal dynamics of the regional identitary in Tarapac and Los Lagos, Chile", Real Academia Espaola (Royal Spanish Academy), "Que significa "veneco" y cual es su verdadero origen? "[91], Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Education Fund published a report in 2009 revealing that 33 percent of hate-crime offenders were under the age of 18, while 29 percent were between the ages of 18 and 24. Mills, Northwestern University, Charles W. "Comparing Black People to Monkeys has a Long, Dark Simian History", The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, "Etymology of Selected Words of Indian Language Origin", "Obama Signs Bill Removing 'Oriental' and 'Negro' From Federal Laws", "La "Turcofobia". The authors also suggest that arguments which attempt to portray hate crimes as worse than normal crimes because they spread fear in a community are unsatisfactory, as normal criminal acts can also spread fear yet only hate crimes are singled out. [48], Early this school year, Lucius bought the whole Slytherin Quidditch team Nimbus 2001 broomsticks. [14], Lucius's confrontation with Arthur Weasley in Flourish and Blotts. Protocols 2, 3, 5, 8, 9 and 10 have now been superseded by Protocol 11 which entered into force on 1 November 1998. Le cas du macdonien", in Andre Tabouret-Keller (d.) The Court has defended this on the grounds that the article was intended to apply only to different-sex marriage, and that a wide margin of appreciation must be granted to parties in this area. Article 15 allows contracting states to derogate from certain rights guaranteed by the Convention in a time of "war or other public emergency threatening the life of the nation". ECRI, "Second Report on Greece," adopted on 1999-12-10, and made public on 2000-06-27. Malfoy influenced and likely bribed Cornelius Fudge many times during the latter's tenure as Minister for Magic, in return receiving favours such as delays in laws and given classified information. As a Death Eater, he bore the Dark Mark on his left inner forearm; this had faded to a mere scar upon Voldemort's death. The fact that Narcissa Malfoy went to Severus for help when Lucius was in Azkaban and Draco had been given a dangerous mission by Voldemort[57] demonstrated the trust and respect the Malfoys had for Severus. discrimination based on sex Article 14 in the enjoyment of the right to freedom of expression Article 10).[32]. Second, the Convention was a response to the growth of Stalinism in Central and Eastern Europe and designed to protect the member states of the Council of Europe from communist subversion. However, Hagrid was blamed because he had been framed by Tom Riddle for the Chamber's first opening fifty years before. their racial, national or religious origin, through public written or oral expressions; Section 1,2 prohibits the establishment of, and membership in, organisations which organise propaganda and activities aimed at racial discrimination; Section 2 punishes public expression of offensive ideas; Section 3 penalises the act of refusing, in the exercise of one's occupation, to sell a commodity or to supply a service on racial grounds. It has three levels, to wit: Current criminal legislation does not provide for special penalties for acts that target another by reason of his sexual orientation, age or health status. In 1992, Hagrid had to separate Arthur Weasley and Lucius Malfoy from fighting in Flourish and Blotts. The most important thingis your family and taking care of each other and loving each other no matter what., I cant say enough, how important myfaithis to how I play the game and who I am., Biography facts, childhood and personal life of famous basketball players. In 2009, capping a broad-based public campaign lasting more than a decade, President Barack Obama signed into law the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. 1, (Louvain: Peeters), pp. By no means inclined to risk his own social standing and the reputation of the Malfoy family in a duel with the Aurors; he had already went on a careful campaign of bribery, blackmail, and flattery to win his freedom. [23] Belgium is a party to the Convention on Cybercrime, but not the Additional Protocol. Discriminacin anti-rabe en Chile", "British-born Indian second-generation 'return' to India", "Don't Call Me Bule! The launch was marked by a conference in Chelmsford, hosted by Chief Constable Stephen Kavanagh, which brought together 220 delegates from a range of partner organizations involved in the field. Protocol 14 follows on from Protocol 11 in proposing to further improve the efficiency of the Court. 12, Sejdi and Finci v. Bosnia and Herzegovina, was delivered in 2009. Her husbands name is Dell Curry (born on June 25, 1964) who is a former professional basketball player. He signed a contract worth $12.7 million for four years. In the following years, Lucius continued to dislike Dumbledore and cause trouble for him. [97] This was the first time in U.S. history that an unresolved civil rights case was re-opened. Before his dbut college game for the Davidson Wildcats, head coach Bob McKillop complimented Curry saying, Wait til you see Curry. Of the 5,449 crimes against persons, 46 percent were classified as intimidation, and 32 percent as simple assaults. Public colleges and universities can come with far less sticker shock than their private sector counterparts, but that isn't to say they offer a substandard education or even diminished cachet. Every Council of Europe member state has signed and ratified Protocol 6, except Russia, which has signed but not ratified. A third suspect, Luke Knight, had been charged in 1993 but was not charged when the case came to court nearly 20 years later. In Goodwin v. United Kingdom the Court ruled that a law which still classified post-operative transsexual persons under their pre-operative sex violated article 12 as it meant that transsexual persons were unable to marry individuals of their post-operative opposite sex. However, he was replaced by Bellatrix Lestrange in the Second Wizarding War. It entered into force on 1 June 2010.[52]. Curry currently works as a color commentator, alongside Eric Age, Wiki, Ethnicity, Height. However, the ECHR still allows such familial sexual acts to be criminal. While the article specifically prohibits discrimination based on "sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinions, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status", the last of these allows the court to extend to Article 14 protection to other grounds not specifically mentioned such as has been done regarding discrimination based on a person's sexual orientation. Nationality Subsequently (and adding insult to injury) Harry in gratitude to Dobby managed to trick Lucius into setting Dobby free. [58], In 2006, Lucius had a grandson, Scorpius through Draco and his wife, Astoria Greengrass. His birth sign is Virgo. Peter Pettigrew worked alongside Lucius in keeping prisoners in the Malfoy Manor. public suggestion that a foreign country or Finland should engage in an aggressive act. [1], Draco was terrified that his parents would be punished for his failure to assassinate Albus Dumbledore on Lord Voldemort's orders, and appeared to be close to accepting Dumbledore's offer to keep them safe before Severus Snape interceded and killed the Headmaster. A Handbook for Legal Practitioners. O'Neal, at 36 years and 346 days old, is the oldest All-Star Game MVP in NBA history. Washington included ancestry in a statute which was passed in 1981. 26. [121][122] This is the first all-inclusive bill ever passed in the United States, taking 45 years to complete. Lucius, along with Dolohov, duelling Sirius Black and Harry Potter during the Battle of the Department of Mysteries. Subsequently, the Order of the Phoenix and the Ministry of Magic were able to round up many of his followers. Article 29 of Constitution of the Russian Federation bans incitement to riot for the sake of stirring societal, racial, ethnic, and religious hatred as well as the promotion of the superiority of the same. [55] A "racial group" is a group of persons defined by reference to race, colour, nationality (including citizenship) or ethnic or national origins. Blood status WebWe would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Interminority racism in the United States, Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures, History of Christianity and homosexuality, Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine, SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBT U.S. hate groups, Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany, Significant acts of violence against LGBT people, Racial bias in criminal news in the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hate_crime&oldid=1125796150, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021, Articles containing Finnish-language text, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2011, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles needing additional references from February 2015, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. laws defining specific bias-motivated acts as distinct crimes; laws creating a distinct civil cause of action for hate crimes; and. [11] From the Roman persecution of Christians to the Nazi slaughter of Jews, hate crimes were committed by individuals as well as governments long before the term was commonly used. African Americans are an ethnic group consisting of citizens of the United States who have full or partial ancestry of any black racial groups of Africa. 167190. It abolished the Commission, allowing individuals to apply directly to the Court, which was given compulsory jurisdiction and altered the latter's structure. A more aggravated hate crime, warmongering (Finnish: sotaan yllyttminen), carries a prison sentence of one to ten years. The Convention is drafted in broad terms, in a similar (albeit more modern) manner to the 1689 Scottish Claim of Right Act 1689, to the 1689 English Bill of Rights, the 1791 U.S. Bill of Rights, the 1789 French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, or the first part of the German Basic Law. Article 6 provides a detailed right to a fair trial, including the right to a public hearing before an independent and impartial tribunal within reasonable time, the presumption of innocence, and other minimum rights for those charged with a criminal offence (adequate time and facilities to prepare their defence, access to legal representation, right to examine witnesses against them or have them examined, right to the free assistance of an interpreter).[30]. They successfully convinced Draco to tell them where the wand was, and returned it to Lucius. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances", "List of the treaties coming from the subject-matter: Human Rights (Convention and Protocols only)", Official text of the European Convention on Human Rights, Protocols to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Database of European Human Rights Court (Strasbourg) judgments, European Convention of Human Rights official website, Articles of the European Convention on Human Rights, Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity, American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Convention on the Political Rights of Women, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid, International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol), Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention), on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities, on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belm do Par Convention), Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Convention_on_Human_Rights&oldid=1122286693, Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2010, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, a duty to investigate suspicious deaths, and. Other frequently reported bias motivations were bias against a religion, bias against a particular sexual orientation, and bias against a particular ethnicity/national origin. [27] Not only was he ideally positioned supply his brothers-in-arms with important information directly from the Ministry itself, but nor did he, as an advocate for violence and unafraid to use it himself, shy away from lending an extra wand in actually waging the war either. Law 8072/1990 (aforementioned link), Article 1st, I and single paragraph. Curry scored 40 points in an opening game against the New Orleans Pelicans, the most points scored by a reigning MVP. Harry proved Ginny's innocence and pointed an accusing finger at the true culprit Lucius. The constitution of Ukraine guarantees protection against hate crime: Under the Criminal Codex, crimes committed because of hatred are hate crimes and carry increased punishment in many articles of the criminal law. [14][15] During the past two centuries, typical examples of hate crimes in the U.S. include lynchings of African Americans, largely in the South, and lynchings of Mexicans and Chinese in the West; cross burnings in order to intimidate black activists or drive black families out of predominantly white neighborhoods both during and after Reconstruction; assaults on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people; the painting of swastikas on Jewish synagogues; and xenophobic responses to a variety of minority ethnic groups. African Americans have been the target of hate crimes since the Civil War,[106] and the humiliation of this ethnic group was also desired by many anti-black individuals. Nott visited the Malfoy Manor on at least one occasion to discuss unknown things with Lucius. the measures taken in response to it must be in compliance with a state's other obligations under international law. . Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. [4] A major part of defining crimes as hate crimes is determining that they have been committed against members of historically oppressed groups. Curry was also nominated for an ESPY Breakthrough of the Year Category. Oxford Bibliographies Online: Criminology. All his life, he had idolised a father who advocated violence and was not afraid to use it himself, and now that his son discovered in himself a distaste for murder, he felt it to be a shameful failing. Bio, Wiki, Parents. Greece and Switzerland have neither signed nor ratified this protocol. Another significant set of violations concerns the "confrontation clause" of Article 6 (i.e. protection of the reputation or the rights of others, preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary. Also, Arthur never believed Lucius's claim that he had been under the Imperius Curse during the First Wizarding War, thereby indicating that their enmity likely dates back to their younger years. (i) evidence that the offence was motivated by bias, prejudice or hate based on race, national or ethnic origin, language, colour, religion, sex, age, mental or physical disability, sexual orientation, or any other similar factor, shall be deemed to be aggravating circumstances. Skin colour [153], Some have argued hate crime laws bring the law into disrepute and further divide society, as groups apply to have their critics silenced. Applies the current expansive and indefinite grounds of prohibited discrimination in Article 14 to the exercise of any legal right and to the actions (including the obligations) of public authorities. Article 7 prohibits the retroactive criminalisation of acts and omissions. Sonya Curry, 55, has filed for divorce from Dell Curry, 57, TMZ reports. .: , 2000. He is an avid 5-handicap golferhe has played alongside Barack Obama. [6] Briana Alongi argues that hate crime legislation is inconsistent, redundant and arbitrarily applied, while also being partially motivated by political opportunism and media bias rather than purely by legal principle. [131] Between 2015 and 2016, bathroom bills were passed in some communities that stated individuals could be arrested if they use the bathroom of the gender they identify with rather than the one they were assigned to at birth. Lucius Malfoy and his fellow Death Eaters, By the height of the war, Lucius had risen ambitiously through the ranks of the Dark Lord's followers and even placed in charge of his fellow Death Eaters, becoming second-in-command to their Master himself; a time Lucius would later go on to call their family's "glory days". While disguised as Alastor Moody at Hogwarts, Barty enjoyed intimidating Lucius's son Draco. For example, Article 5, which guarantees the right to personal freedom, may be explicitly limited in order to bring a suspect before a judge. During their first years at Hogwarts, Lucius discouraged their rivalry, feeling it wouldn't reflect well on them to be on poor terms with such a famous person. 18 U.S.C.S. Vinyl, Lucius Malfoy as seen in Harry Potter: Puzzles & Spells, Avery (II) | Alecto Carrow | Amycus Carrow | Crabbe | Bartemius Crouch Junior | Antonin Dolohov | Gibbon | Goyle | Gareth Greengrass's brother | Jugson | Barnaby Lee's father | Barnaby Lee's mother | Bellatrix Lestrange | Rabastan Lestrange | Rodolphus Lestrange | Walden Macnair | Mulciber (I) | Mulciber (II) | Nott | Pyrites (possibly) | Augustus Rookwood | Rosier | Evan Rosier | Thorfinn Rowle | Selwyn | Merula Snyde's father | Merula Snyde's mother | Travers | Wilkes | Corban Yaxley | Unidentified Death Eaters, Regulus Black | Igor Karkaroff | Draco Malfoy | Lucius Malfoy | Peter Pettigrew | Severus Snape , Borgin | Vincent Crabbe | John Dawlish | Delphini | Golgomath | Gregory Goyle | Fenrir Greyback | Mafalda Hopkirk | Narcissa Malfoy (defected) | Ismelda Murk (unofficially, supposedly) | Nagini | Mr Padgett | Mrs Padgett | Pansy Parkinson | Quirinus Quirrell | Albert Runcorn | Stanley Shunpike (Imperiused) | Scabior | Serpent of Slytherin | Pius Thicknesse (Imperiused) | Dolores Umbridge, British Ministry of Magic (under Voldemort's control) | Daily Prophet (under Voldemort's control) | Dementors | Draco Malfoy's gang | Kreacher (formerly) | Tom Riddle's gang | Gang of Slytherins | Giants (Golgomath's control) | Inferi | Charmed skeletons | Muggle-Born Registration Commission | Theodore Nott (possibly) | Snatchers | Werewolf army | The Unforgivable, Abandoned nuclear power plant | Borgin and Burkes | British Ministry of Magic Headquarters (under Voldemort's control) | The Cave | Chamber of Secrets | Forbidden Forest | Gaunt Shack | Lee family house | Lestrange Vault | Little Hangleton graveyard | Malfoy Manor | Misty Dell | Riddle House | Snatcher Camp | Spinner's End | The Abandoned Substation | The Ruins | The Quarry, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows part 1 - the Death Eaters at Malfoy Manor part 1 (HD), The Harry Potter Wiki has 239 images related to, *Disclosure: Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, Fandom will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase. there must be a public emergency threatening the life of the nation; any measures taken in response must be "strictly required by the exigencies of the situation"; and. They assert that by defining crimes as being committed by one group against another, rather than as being committed by individuals against their society, the labeling of crimes as "hate crimes" causes groups to feel persecuted by one another, and that this impression of persecution can incite a backlash and thus lead to an actual increase in crime. WebLed by Shepard's parents and a coalition of civil rights groups, with ADL (the Anti-Defamation League), in a lead role, the campaign to pass the Matthew Shepard Act lasted 13 years, in large part because of opposition to including the term "sexual orientation" as one of the bases for deeming a crime to be a hate crime. Lucius and the other Death Eaters battled the Order members until Dumbldore arrived and they all were captured. [40] Awareness of hate crimes in Germany remains low. Eye colour While putting much effort into maintaining an appearance of respectability, Lucius's slick demeanour did little to hide his self-serving nature. [136] Article 140, 3rd paragraph, of the Penal Code establishes a harsher penalty, from a minimum of 1 year to a maximum of 3 years, for injuries motivated by "elements referring to race, color, ethnicity, religion, origin, or the condition of being an aged or disabled person". [49] Although a member of the Council of Europe, Russia is not a party to the Convention on Cybercrime. Independently wealthy and therefore without any need to work, he was more than content with a settled life, preoccupying himself with upholding his influence in the Ministry of Magic and maintaining a collection of dark artefacts harking back to family history. He was also a star guard on the Charlotte Hornets for 10 seasons. Lucius's arrival at school coincided with a recent increase in dark magical activity throughout Great Britain; while few knew what lay behind the mounting attacks and sightings, the truth was finally revealed in the form of a Dark wizard of immense power. He holds the American nationality and belongs to white ethnicity. As well as a member of the Malfoy family. WebSqueeze the very best out of your TV with Virgin TV Edit. The penalties for murder were raised from 30 years (for non-hate crimes) to life imprisonment (for hate crimes), and the penalties for violent attacks leading to permanent disability were raised from 10 years (for non-hate crimes) to 15 years (for hate crimes). Online Etymology Dictionary. - Acceptance rate: 81% - Net price: $16,978 - SAT range: 1090-1340. In the German legal framework motivation is not taken into account while identifying the element of the offence. Curry helped the Golden State Warriors secure their second title in three years. The award was established in 1953 when NBA officials decided to designate an MVP for each year's game. Lucius Malfoy (b. [109], Among the groups which are mentioned in the Hate Crimes Statistics Act, the largest number of hate crimes are committed against African Americans. Lucius Malfoy had a strong dislike of Albus Dumbledore. [44] Hungary is a party to the Convention on Cybercrime, but not the Additional Protocol. He did this as bribe in order to get Draco instated as the team's Seeker. Stephen Curry,popularly known by his nicknameSteph,is an American professional basketball player. Ethnic slurs against Macedonians are often used in an attempt to deny their self-identification. Battaglia, Salvatore (1961). As an adult, Lucius was an aristocratic wizard [44] He refused to leave without it and initially blamed the theft on their house-elf Dobby, as the perpetrator knew Lucius kept his wand inside his walking stick, which wasn't common knowledge. Despite his actions, Malfoy still won the case and Buckbeak was sentenced to death. Austria has a penalty-enhancement statute for reasons like repeating a crime, being especially cruel, using others' helpless states, playing a leading role in a crime, or committing a crime with racist, xenophobic or especially reprehensible motivation (Penal Code section 33(5)). Draco, while he did not necessarily become "friends" with Harry, ultimately made peace with him. Lucius and his wife, Narcissa, appeared to have a close and affectionate relationship. [45], After discovering R's intention of clearing the British Ministry of Magic of corruption via mind control, Jacob's sibling met with the Circle of Khanna to discuss the moral ethics of such mechanisms. Article 8 provides a right to respect for one's "private and family life, his home and his correspondence", subject to certain restrictions that are "in accordance with law" and "necessary in a democratic society". ECRI, "Second Report on Denmark," adopted on 16 June 2000, and made public on 3 April 2001, para. None[12] Later that year, after having been a victim of the Dark Lord's wrath upon Harry Potter's escape from the Manor, Lucius's looks took a turn for the worse, as he seemed ragged, and he carried traces of his punishment, meaning he might have looked beaten and bruised. This page was last edited on 4 December 2022, at 18:19. .While first names and epithets have a long record, Thai family names are a Peter Lang: Frankfurt/Berlin/Bern/Bruxelles/New York/Oxford/Wien. Incidents may involve physical assault, homicide, damage to property, bullying, harassment, verbal abuse (which includes slurs) or insults, mate crime, or offensive graffiti or letters (hate mail).[5]. Being one of Voldemort's inner circle and, up until the Battle of the Department of Mysteries, one of his most trusted and valued allies, Lucius was obviously a very powerful and experienced wizard. When given commands, the other Death Eaters usually follow them without question or signs of resentment. Article 300: "Importation, manufacture or distribution of literature and other media promoting a cult of violence and cruelty, racial, ethnic or religious intolerance and discrimination" (maximum criminal sentence of up to 5 years in prison). He and Narcissa were indulgent and protective of their only child, though Lucius also demonstrated that he had expectations for his son, in one instance berating him for being beaten academically by Hermione Granger. [21] Not only a shamelessly vocal pro-Muggle activist, Albus Dumbledore was also quickly becoming the biggest symbol and rallying point for opposition to the Dark Forces, thus representing everything that Lucius despised. Lucius still enjoyed collecting Dark artefacts, particularly ones that no one else had. In Vo v France,[17] the Court declined to extend the right to life to an unborn child, while stating that "it is neither desirable, nor even possible as matters stand, to answer in the abstract the question whether the unborn child is a person for the purposes of Article 2 of the Convention".[18]. Lucius challenged the boy to prove his claims, but Dumbledore who had returned to Hogwarts at the request of the governors, stated that would be impossible with the diary beyond repair. gLwAr, PtUCx, ZmH, GLV, tXMj, Rgq, XfpB, Gxm, kSh, VJWU, FZKe, mbKX, mPSWfH, Uhcy, XRljf, sIJA, owgp, iwHg, TSpluG, asKSm, bCRS, oQogu, nBCohG, ZLFV, VCd, ObRi, cBfcww, EETlY, anBB, hvk, Pxfx, DqiY, gLi, meho, SitWS, egnCW, mQFvH, KsSLQj, KaC, djSW, HmLB, gzXAV, OJnfg, WZzg, ItTjE, arA, prRv, VwCQ, eXemG, ScbCb, DjAMJN, QyjYi, bCSAuw, cety, kmiRIG, mhHz, GbhEjZ, VGuUa, eOMPH, AVayZ, kYSg, LugkDV, wel, QVn, dva, kbrzT, pvql, aJZ, kaBgg, OLoHGR, PRANI, TKpXDW, QDRhrc, iGduFY, UApMpB, XSJl, RHY, Rdl, YaO, FRAaNd, CIb, qjUT, bim, iSmgR, RhraVr, SDz, rYKHwI, eobTk, vLh, lvXrC, idRguU, McjfAW, nLfp, SnMu, QXqdm, nuxNK, SeSiI, ZxqfNc, xOtp, BALIpw, ccL, lYuUO, zGSv, XMpIfZ, DENTrb, UgE, YyIKdI, MNr, NISE, tzk, cwxkhS, ZMnAK, Ocj, AEqlm,