Hosiery, textiles, and footwear became the major industrial employers: manufacturers such as N. Corah & Sons and the Cooperative Boot and Shoe Company were opening some of the largest manufacturing premises in Europe. ; Hao, H.; Kong, Q.Z. Where, ${{\mu }_{0}}=4\pi \times {{10}^{-4}}Tm{{A}^{-1}}$is the permeability of free space. TITRIMETRIC MTHODS Titrimetric methods are widely used in chemistry to determine oxidants, reductants, acids, bases, metal ions, etc. It can be inferred from relation (1) that the magnitude of the applied torque is not dependent on the shape of the coil. Imam Ghazali said that education is a process which enable an individual to distinguish between the true and false, the good and bad, the right conduct and the evil doing. Ma, J.J.; Chen, J.J.; Guan, J.W. Ans: The initial velocity of the particle could either be parallel or be anti-parallel to the magnetic field. So, the effective tension in the wires is found to be. Electric Field of a Line Segment Find the electric field a distance z above the midpoint of a straight line segment of length L that carries a uniform line charge density .. Strategy Since this is a continuous charge distribution, we conceptually break the wire segment into differential pieces of length dl, each of which carries a differential amount of charge d q = d l d q = d l. Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and of Leicester founded a hospital for the poor and infirm in the area to the south of the castle now known as The Newarke (the "new work"). Current flowing in wire A, ${{I}_{A}}=8.0\,\text{A}$, Current flowing in wire B, ${{I}_{B}}=5.0\text{ A}$, Distance between the two wires, \[r\text{ }=\text{ }4.0\text{ cm }=\text{ }0.04\text{ m}\], Length of a section of wire A, \[l\text{ }=\text{ }10\text{ cm }=\text{ }0.1\text{ m}\]. the positive and negative charges cancel inside a conductor. 22. ) of the secondary sinusoidal voltage waveform, all the energy in the secondary After the Union of the Crowns, Prince Charles, later King Charles I, travelled to London with his guardian Alexander Seton. [56] Nearly a quarter of initial Ugandan refugees (around 5000 to 6000) settled in Leicester, and by the end of the 1970s around another quarter of the initially dispersed refugees had made their way to Leicester. The important questions of Chapter 4 Physics Class 12 are specially prepared for the students in such a way that they can solve any problems occurring from this chapter. The counter torque applied to prevent the coil from turning is given by the relation, $\Rightarrow T=30\times 6\times 1\times 0.0201\times \sin 60{}^\circ $. For more information, please refer to For more information, visit Vedantu's official website. Ans: When the direction of the current is reversed, $BIl$ and $mg$ will act downwards. [49] The Shires was subsequently expanded in September 2008 and rebranded as Highcross. Download CBSE Class 12 Physics Important Questions 2022-23 PDF. Do you need help with your Homework? A preserved section, however, remains operational in the East Midlands centred on Loughborough Central railway station providing tourist services through central Leicestershire, passing Swithland Reservoir on to the Leicester North railway station terminus. The airport is a national hub for mail/freight networks. When the direction of the current is reversed, $BIl$ and $mg$ will act downwards. Titration is based on a reaction between the analyte (unknown sample) and the regent of known concentration and reaction stoichiometry. There, Wolsey's condition quickly worsened. [12][13][14] While an ordinary transformer is designed to transfer energy efficiently from primary to secondary winding, the resonant transformer is also designed to temporarily store electrical energy. Current in the wire, \[I\text{ }=\text{ }50\text{ A}\]. There are three sixth form colleges, all of which were previously grammar schools. Magnetic field inside the core of a toroid is given by the relation. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. So, if the length of the coil is taken as 50 cm, radius 4 cm, number of turns 400, and current 10 A, then these values are not unique for the given purpose. If the current in the coil is 5.0 A, what is the: (The coil is made of copper wire of cross-sectional area ${{10}^{-5}}{{m}^{2}}$, and the free electron density in copper is given to be about${{10}^{29}}{{m}^{-3}}$). So, it travels along a straight path without suffering any deflection in the field. What will be the path of a charged particle moving along the direction of a uniform magnetic field? [120][121][122], The Church of England parish church of St Nicholas is the oldest place of worship in the city. These findings can provide significant references for optimization of advanced protective structures and improvement of their anti-penetration performance. For thorough preparation, students should start with Chapter 4 Physics Class 12 important questions. Thomas Cooper, the Chartist, kept a shop in Church Gate. 450-1100)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles needing additional references from June 2015, All articles needing additional references, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2011, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Levy, S. "Notes on Leicester Jewry." Ans: We are given the magnetic field to be, $B=0.2T=0.2\times {{10}^{-3}}T$, We know the expression for Time Period to be, $T=\frac{2\pi M}{QB}$, $\Rightarrow T=\frac{2\times 3.14\times 9.1\times {{10}^{-31}}}{1.6\times {{10}^{-17}}\times 0.2\times {{10}^{-3}}}$, $\Rightarrow T=1.787\times {{10}^{-7}}\text{ second}$. It is non-zero only inside the core of a toroid. The common spark-excited Tesla coil circuit, shown below, consists of these components:[7][11]. In the 2nd century, it received a forum and bathhouse. Current sensitivity of ${{M}_{1}}$ is given as: ${{I}_{s1}}=\frac{{{N}_{1}}{{B}_{1}}{{A}_{1}}}{{{K}_{1}}}$. Ans: We know the radius of the path to be given by, \[\Rightarrow \frac{{{R}_{\alpha }}}{{{R}_{p}}}=\frac{{{q}_{p}}}{{{q}_{\alpha }}}=\frac{e}{2e}=\frac{1}{2}\]. 1 Physics is a complex subject, and you require special attention to it. Although the "toroid" increases the secondary capacitance, which tends to reduce the peak voltage, its main effect is that its large-diameter curved surface reduces the potential gradient (electric field) at the high-voltage terminal; it functions similarly to a corona ring, increasing the voltage threshold at which air discharges such as corona and brush discharges occur. 1. A magnetic field set up using Helmholtz coils (described in Exercise $4.16$) is uniform in a small region and has a magnitude of $0.75T$. These questions will cover all the important topics curated together from the exam's point of view. ; Luk, V.K. We always make sure that writers follow all your instructions precisely. The primary break rate of sparking Tesla coils is slow compared to the resonant frequency of the resonator-topload assembly. Therefore, we find the kinetic energy to be constant at the given condition. Bao, J.W. When his son became king, the Earldom of Leicester and the Duchy of Lancaster became royal titles (and the latter remains so). Assume the core is not ferromagnetic. A pendulum is a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely. Would your answer change, if the circular coil in (a) were replaced by a planar coil of some irregular shape that encloses the same area? Vedantu has all the physics questions that are solved, so you do not have to take the pressure of solving them, especially when you have to submit the homework and have not read the chapter thoroughly. Leicester is believed to be the birthplace of the modern standard English language.[94]. These are a few key points to be remembered while jumping into the practice of Chapter 4 Physics Class 12 important questions. Students must start with Class 12 Physics Chapter 4 important questions after revising the chapter. Liu, Y.J. Design of composite SC wall to prevent perforation from missile impact. [citation needed] The current nearest weather station is Market Bosworth, about 10 miles (16km) west of the city centre. Since World War II Leicester has experienced large scale immigration from across the world. Magnitude of the magnetic field at this point could be given as: $B=\frac{{{\mu }_{0}}}{4\pi }\frac{2l}{r}$, Where, ${{\mu }_{0}}=$ Permeability of free space $=4\pi \times {{10}^{-7}}\,\text{T m }{{\text{A}}^{-1}}$, $\Rightarrow B=\frac{4\pi \times {{10}^{-7}}\times 2\times 35}{4\pi \times 0.2}$, $\Rightarrow B=3.5\times {{10}^{-5}}\,\text{T}$. During the penetration process, the impulse of the diamond-shaped moving target is equal to the impulse of the projectile and the opposite direction, and the following can be obtained: The diamond-shaped moving target is only affected by the impact impulse, The process of action of projectiles and diamond-shaped moving target involves complex deformation and damage of materials, and in order to simplify the problem, the degree of energy dissipation or change in the state of motion of the object before and after the impact can be described by the impact recovery coefficient [. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Leicester is at the nexus of the A6/(A14), A50, A47 and A607 trunk roads and A426 and A5199 primary routes. With the capacitor in parallel to the first transformer and the spark gap in series to the Tesla-coil primary, the AC supply transformer must be capable of withstanding high voltages at high frequencies. f Piekutowiski, A.J. Ans: We know the expression for torque as. }^{\frac{-3}{2}}}+{{\left\{ 1+\frac{4{{d}^{2}}}{5{{R}^{2}}}+\frac{4d}{5R} \right\}}^{\frac{-3}{2}}}\times N \right. $g=9.8m{{s}^{-2}}$. Therefore, a horizontal magnetic field of 0.26 T normal to the length of the conductor should be set up. Experimental investigation on the cellular steel-tube-confined concrete targets against projectile impact. What is a radial magnetic field? It is believed that the Romans arrived in the Leicester area around AD 47, during their conquest of southern Britain. Both the primary and secondary are wound tightly around the iron core. In fact, its properties are similar to an electric arc. You can choose your academic level: high school, college/university or professional, and we will assign a writer who has a respective degree. Forrestal, M.J.; Frew, D.J. ; Writingoriginal draft, Y.W. Ans: The total force on the coil is zero as the field is uniform. Length of the wire, \[l\text{ }=\text{ }3\text{ cm }=\text{ }0.03\text{ m}\], Current flowing in the wire, \[I\text{ }=\text{ }10\text{ A}\], Magnetic field, \[B\text{ }=\text{ }0.27\text{ T}\], Angle between the current and magnetic field, $\theta =\text{ }90{}^\circ $. The many books on introductory electromagnetics can be roughly divided into two main groups. Central Leicester is the location for several department stores including John Lewis, Debenhams. Mathematical Methods for the Physical Sciences Two Semester Course. The Moving charges and Magnetism include many interesting topics like magnetic forces, magnetic field, the direction of magnetic force in the current-carrying coil with different cases, etc. Therefore, deflection of the coil is directly proportional to the current flowing in the coil. Page 218. Although the space charge regions around the toroid are invisible, they play a profound role in the appearance and location of Tesla coil discharges. [36] Riots destroyed enclosures in spring 1627 and 1628, following a pattern of anti-enclosure disturbances found elsewhere including the Western Rising. The Star trak real time system was introduced in 2000 by Leicester City Council; it allowed bus tracking and the retrieval of bus times by text message or online. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, Two navigable waterways join at Leicester: The Leicester Line of the Grand Union Canal links Leicester with London and Birmingham to the south. Leicester is the setting for the fictional diaries of Adrian Mole, created by Sue Townsend. For this case, the direction $I\vec{A}$and $\vec{B}$is the same and the angle between them is zero. [21] Following the Saxon invasion of Britain, Leicester was occupied by the Middle Angles and subsequently administered by the kingdom of Mercia. The total electric field at the centre is (Point O) = E. Electric field at point O caused by + 3 C + 3 \; \mu C + 3 C charge, In 1938, Leicester was selected as the base for Squadron 1F, the first A.D.C.C (Air Defence Cadet Corp), the predecessor of the Air Training Corps. [125][126][127], In 2011 Christians were the largest religious group in the city at 32.4%, with Muslims next (18.6%), followed by Hindus (15.2%), Sikhs (4.4%), Buddhists (0.4%), and Jews (0.1%). The density of a magnetic field in an imaginary path is studied in ampere's circuital law. Two long and parallel straight wires A and B carrying currents of \[\mathbf{8}.\mathbf{0}\] A and \[\mathbf{5}.\mathbf{0}\] A in the same direction are separated by a distance of \[\mathbf{4}.\mathbf{0}\] cm. As one of the fastest-growing cities in the country, the ONS 2014 basis population projections indicate the city will be home to 400,000 inhabitants by around 2035. In addition, the RF current heats the tissues it passes through. A circular coil of \[\mathbf{30}\] turns and radius \[\mathbf{8}.\mathbf{0}cm\] carrying a current of \[\mathbf{6}.\mathbf{0}A\] is suspended vertically in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude \[\mathbf{1}.\mathbf{0}T\]. No special 2. Since, the current is flowing from East to West and the point is given to be below the power line, by using Maxwells right hand thumb rule we get the direction of the magnetic field to be towards the South. {\displaystyle \scriptstyle f_{2}} Cao, Y.; Li, P.; Brouwers, H.; Yu, Q. Magnetic field at point Q could be given as: $B=\frac{{{\mu }_{0}}I{{R}^{2}}N}{2{{\left( {{x}^{2}}+{{R}^{2}} \right)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}}$. several techniques or approaches, or a comprehensive review paper with concise and precise updates on the latest [67], Electrical resonant transformer circuit invented by Nikola Tesla, Unipolar coil design widely used in modern coils. [70][71] Although skin effect limits currents of Tesla coil frequencies to the outer fraction of a millimeter in metal conductors, the skin depth of the current in body tissue is much deeper due to its higher resistivity. Leicester's diversified economic base and lack of dependence on primary industries meant it was much better placed than many other cities to weather the tariff wars of the 1920s and Great Depression of the 1930s. Masri, R.; Ryan, S. Ballistic limit predictions of non-identical layered targets perforated in ductile hole formation. This is because, the magnetic field at the center of the loop would just be equal and opposite i.e., magnetic field due \[\text{PQR}\] is equal and opposite to that due to \[\text{PSR}\]. The two charges are separated by a distance of 2a. The Grand Union Canal joins the River Soar Navigation in Leicester, which links the city to the River Trent, and the Trent and Mersey Canal to the north.[114]. [72] Typically, 54.9air frosts will be recorded during the course of the year. The electrode serves as one plate of a capacitor, with the Earth as the other plate, forming the tuned circuit with the secondary winding. [26] Leicester's Jews were allowed to move to the eastern suburbs, which were controlled by de Montfort's great-aunt and rival, Margaret, Countess of Winchester, after she took advice from the scholar and cleric Robert Grosseteste. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. The charge is a cinquefoil ermine, on a red field, and this emblem is used by the city council. It was reported that 120 houses had been destroyed and that 140 wagons of plunder were sent to the Royalist stronghold of Newark. A circular coil of wire consisting of $100$ turns, each of radius $8.0$ cm carries a current of $0.40\,\text{A}$. A solenoid $60cm$ long and has a radius $4.0cm$ has 3 layers of windings of 300turns each. 1. Velocity of the electron is related to the angular frequency as: In the circular orbit, the magnetic force on the electron is balanced by the centripetal force. Chapter 4 of Physics Class 12 deals with Moving Charges and Magnetism. In the early books he lives in a suburb of Leicester and attends a local school where he first meets "the love of his life", Pandora Braithwaite. Also, in exams, you can go through these questions quickly and remember them till your exam day. ; Xie, Y. ; Forrestal, M.J. Ans: Two properties of the material of the wire used for suspension of the coil in a moving coil galvanometer are: Restoring Torque per unit twist should be small. So, to score good marks, you should refer to Vedantu. [citation needed], The highest temperature recorded at Newtown Linford was 34.5C (94.1F) during August 1990,[67] although a temperature of 35.1C (95.2F) was achieved at Leicester University during August 2003. So, $\tau =NIAB\sin \theta $ is zero. Consider two parallel coaxial circular coils of equal radius R, and number of turns N, carrying equal currents in the same direction, and separated by a distance R. Show that the field on the axis around the midpoint between the coils is uniform over a distance that is small as compared to R, and is given by, approximately, (Such an arrangement to produce a nearly uniform magnetic field over a small region is known as Helmholtz coils. Let \[I\] be the current that flows through the conductor. Leicester (/lstr/ (listen) LEST-r)[4] is a city, unitary authority and the county town of Leicestershire in the East Midlands of England. The transient response for multiple resonance networks (of which the Tesla magnifier is a sub-set) has only recently been solved. Each winding has a capacitance across it and functions as an LC circuit (resonant circuit, tuned circuit), storing oscillating electrical energy, analogously to the way a tuning fork stores vibrational mechanical energy. [6][7] The secondary coil (L2) consists of many turns (hundreds to thousands) of fine wire on a hollow cylindrical form inside the primary. Businesses such as these in areas such as Glenfield and that part of Braunstone Town which outside of the formal City Council area, have since been allowed to reopen following a more tightly defined lockdown area from 18 July 2020.[65][66]. Hence, we found that one ampere is that current which is flowing in two infinitely long parallel conductors that are separated by a distance of $1$ meter in vacuum and experiences a force of $F=2\times {{10}^{-2}}\,\text{m}$ on each meter of the other wire. Ryan Ph.d. COMPLEX VARIABLES AND APPLICATIONS Eighth Edition. Corporate Office: 1349 Empire Central Drive Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75247 The primary and secondary circuits are tuned so that they have the same resonant frequency,[5] so they exchange energy, acting like a coupled oscillator; during each spark the stored energy rapidly oscillates back and forth between the primary and secondary. {\displaystyle V_{1}} Question 4. The textbook prescribed by NCERT for Class 12 Physics consists of many topics. prior to publication. The current involving vector products is distributed, after which the determination of the magnetic field arises. Leicester is divided into 21 electoral wards: Abbey, Aylestone, Beaumont Leys, Belgrave, Braunstone Park & Rowley Fields, Castle, Evington, Eyres Monsell, Fosse, Humberstone & Hamilton, Knighton, North Evington, Rushey Mead, Saffron, Spinney Hills, Stoneygate, Thurncourt, Troon, Westcotes, Western, and Wycliffe. The primary and secondary coils are magnetically coupled, creating a dual-tuned resonant air-core transformer. Investigation of the mechanical and ballistic properties of hybrid carbon/ aramid woven laminates. Beeching cuts closed the route in the late 1960s. Distance of a point from the wire, $r=20\text{ cm}=0.2\,\text{m}$. However, in the typical circuit, the spark gap's short circuiting action prevents high-frequency oscillations from 'backing up' into the supply transformer. Gaelic rath and the nearby villages of Ratby and Ratcliffe[16]), suggesting the site was an oppidum. [145], Leicestershire County Cricket Club who are a professional cricket club based at Grace Road, Leicester, currently play in the second tier of the county championship. [30] Elihu Thomson invented the Tesla coil circuit independently at the same time Tesla did. Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely Now, we have the force on the wire equal to the weight of the wire. Ans: Let us consider two parallel conductors carrying current ${{I}_{1}}\,\text{ and }{{I}_{2}}$ and is separated by a distance \[d\]. The church (described by Leland in the C16th as "not large but exceeding fair") also became, effectively, a Lancastrian mausoleum. Leicester is at the intersection of two railway lines: the Midland Main Line and the Birmingham to London Stansted Airport line. This research received no external funding. Tudor Grange Samworth Academy an academy whose catchment area includes the Saffron and Eyres Monsell estates, was co-sponsored by the Church of England and David Samworth, chairman of Samworth Brothers pasty makers. Ferromagnetic materials are the ones that are strongly attracted by a magnet. Magnetic force exerted on the electron in the magnetic field is given as: This force provides centripetal force to the moving electron. In the private sector are Nuffield Hospital Leicester and the Spire Hospital Leicester. Following a bumpy launch week that saw frequent server trouble and bloated player queues, Blizzard has announced that over 25 million Overwatch 2 players have logged on in its first 10 days. ; Zhao, Z.J. Therefore, a force of 2.1 N acts on the wire in a vertically downward direction. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Since ${{F}_{1}}\text{ and }{{F}_{2}}$ are equal in magnitude and directed opposite, two parallel current carrying conductors would attract each other. Now the torque is found to be directed along a negative y-direction. Thompson, S.; Teixeira-Dias, F.; Paulino, M.; Hamilton, A. Hence, the magnitude of the magnetic field is found to be $3.14\times {{10}^{-4}}T$. We have the expression for instantaneous power given by, : We are given the magnetic field to be, $B=0.2T=0.2\times {{10}^{-3}}T$. Derive an expression for the force acting on a current carrying conductor placed in a uniform magnetic field. Magnitude of the magnetic torque experienced by the coil in the magnetic field is given by the relation, $\tau =20\times 0.8\times 12\times 0.01\times \sin 30{}^\circ $. Penetration into low-strength (23MPa) concrete: Target characterization and simulations. [63] Even low power Tesla coils could exceed these limits, and it is generally impossible to determine the threshold current where bodily injury begins. V There is always a Possibility of some adjustments with limits. How will you convert the metre into a voltmeter of range $0$ to $18V$? Royalist guns were set up on Raw Dykes and, after an unsatisfactory response to a demand for surrender, the assault began at 3pm on 30 May 1645 by a Royalist battery opposite the Newarke. 1 The diamond-shaped moving target is in a free state, having no constraints. The wider Leicester Urban Area,[88] showed an estimated population of 509,000. This causes incremental growth of the leader from one pulse to the next, lengthening the entire discharge on each successive pulse. Now for $d\ll R$, we could neglect the factor $\frac{{{d}^{2}}}{{{R}^{2}}}$, we get, $B\approx \frac{{{\mu }_{0}}I{{R}^{2}}}{2}\times {{\left( \frac{5{{R}^{2}}}{4} \right)}^{\frac{-3}{2}}}\left[ {{\left( 1-\frac{4d}{5R} \right)}^{\frac{-3}{2}}}+{{\left( 1+\frac{4d}{5R} \right)}^{\frac{-3}{2}}} \right]\times N$, $\Rightarrow B\approx \frac{{{\mu }_{0}}I{{R}^{2}}}{2}\times {{\left( \frac{5{{R}^{2}}}{4} \right)}^{\frac{-3}{2}}}\left[ 1-\frac{6d}{5R}+1+\frac{6d}{5R} \right]$, $\Rightarrow B\approx {{\left( \frac{4}{5} \right)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}\frac{{{\mu }_{0}}IN}{R}=0.72\left( \frac{{{\mu }_{0}}IN}{R} \right)$. When the impact velocity was identical, the depth of penetration at position 1 was deeper than that at position 2, and the deflection angle of the projectile at impact point 2 was larger than that at impact point 1. By default, the direction of electric dipole in space is always from negative charge -q to positive charge q. Where, ${{v}_{d}}$ is Drift velocity of electrons. W https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. The Screenwriter's Handbook 2010. Force exerted on length l due to the magnetic field could be given as: $B=\frac{{{\mu }_{0}}2{{I}_{A}}{{I}_{B}}l}{4\pi r}$, $\Rightarrow B=\frac{4\pi \times {{10}^{-7}}\times 2\times 8\times 5\times 0.1}{4\pi \times 0.04}$, $\Rightarrow B=2\times {{10}^{-5}}\,\text{N}$. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. [123], St Peter's Lane takes its name from the former medieval church of that name, which closed in the 1570s, its parish having merged with All Saints church. This configuration illustrates operation of the secondary as a pumped resonator. The years after World War II, particularly from the 1960s onwards, brought many social and economic challenges. [55] It is thought that the reason for this is that a certain minimum number of ions must be driven across a nerve cell's membrane by the imposed voltage to trigger the nerve cell to depolarize and transmit an impulse. On 4 November 1530, Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was arrested on charges of treason and taken from York Place. You can refer to Vedantu for all the notes and material. He is the second state governor in U.S. history to have been recalled. Other possible answers are $H{{e}^{++}}$, $L{{i}^{+++}}$. 7. What are the limitations to a cyclotron, according to Chapter 4 of Class 12 Physics? What is the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field due to the current \[\mathbf{1}.\mathbf{5}\text{ }\mathbf{m}\] below the line? [82], The current directly elected Mayor is Sir Peter Soulsby of the Labour Party.[83][84]. The supply transformer (T) secondary winding is connected across the primary tuned circuit. 1996-2022 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. Most modern Tesla coils also use toroid-shaped output terminals. High strength concrete response to hard projectile impact. If $n$ is the number of electrons per unit volume of the conductor, then the total number of electrons in the small current element \[dl,\text{ N}=nAdl\]. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. From an offensive point of view, increasing the impact velocity of the projectile is an effective way to enlarge its penetration depth. Long Answer Questions 5 Marks. Teachers and hobbyists demonstrating small Tesla coils often impress their audience by touching the high-voltage terminal or allowing the streamer arcs to pass through their body.[56][57][8]. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field B at the centre of the coil? Register today for the Vedantu website and get access to extended study materials. When a pendulum is displaced sideways from its resting, equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back toward the equilibrium position. paper provides an outlook on future directions of research or possible applications. An inductance, not shown, protects the transformer. A toroid has a core (non-ferromagnetic) of inner radius 25 cm and outer radius 26 cm, around which 3500 turns of a wire are wound. ; Fang, R.Y. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. {{\left( \frac{R}{2}-d \right)}^{2}}+{{R}^{2}} \right\} \right.}^{\frac{-3}{2}}}+{{\left. Find the magnitude and direction of the force between them. Geoffrey of Monmouth composed his History of the Kings of Britain around the year 1136, naming a King Leir as an eponymous founder figure. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. The kinematic models of the projectile and the diamond-shaped moving target before and after the impact are respectively displayed in. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Following the end of the war, a memorial archthe Arch of Remembrancewas built in Victoria Park and unveiled in 1925. ; Fossum, A.F. Ren, K.; Feng, S.; Chen, Z.; Zhao, T.; Yin, L.; Fu, J. The Leicester International Short Film Festival is an annual event; it commenced in 1996 under the banner title of "Seconds Out". Therefore, the magnitude of the torque experienced by the coil is 0.96Nm. Firms such as Corah and Liberty Shoes used their reputation for producing high-quality products to expand their businesses. 1 It remains unclear whether the Romans fortified and garrisoned the location, but it slowly developed from around the year 50 onwards as the tribal capital of the Corieltauvians under the name Ratae Corieltauvorum. Suggest some appropriate design particulars to a solenoid for the required purpose. The experimental results are largely consistent with the calculated results. Cycle Works Bike Mechanic Training Centre is in Wellington Street Adult Education Centre and former Central Lending Library. 2. Certain European languages such as Polish will undoubtedly feature in current statistics, although their prevalence may reduce subsequently as future generations rapidly assimilate or return to places of origin, given cultural and geographic proximity and changes in the geo-political environment. [citation needed] The last major development of this era was Beaumont Leys in the north of the city, which was developed in the 1970s as a mix of private and council housing. W The local DAB multiplex has the following stations: There are two hospital radio stations in Leicester, Radio Fox and Radio Gwendolen. Ans: New length of the wire after turning it to the northeast-northwest direction can be given as: Angle between magnetic field and current, $\theta =45{}^\circ $, $F=BI{{l}_{1}}\sin \theta =BIl=1.5\times 7\times 0.2$. In 1971 the Walker's crisps business was sold to Standard Brands, an American firm, who sold on the company to Frito-Lay. National Cycle Network Route 6 passes through Leicestershire along with other secondary routes. It is also home to the National Space Centre off Abbey Lane, due in part to the University of Leicester being one of the few universities in the UK to specialise in space sciences. About Our Coalition. 4. is stored in the primary capacitor A Tesla coil is an electrical resonant transformer circuit designed by inventor Nikola Tesla in 1891. The, Important Related Links for CBSE Class 12 Physics, Relation between the magnetic field and source current is discussed in ampere's circuital law. An electron of kinetic energy \[25\mathbf{KeV}\]moves perpendicular to the direction of a uniform magnetic field of \[0.2\mathbf{millitesla}\]. Ans: Diamagnetic substances are the ones that are weakly repelled by a magnet. Walker's crisps makes 10million bags of crisps per day at two factories in Beaumont Leys, and is the UK's largest grocery brand. Magnitude of the distance of the point from the wire is given as, \[r\text{ }=\text{ }2.5\text{ m}\]. A straight wire carries a current of \[\mathbf{10}\]A. In the alternate circuit, high amplitude high-frequency oscillations that appear across the capacitor also are applied to the supply transformer's winding. 1+\frac{4{{d}^{2}}}{5{{R}^{2}}}-\frac{4d}{5R} \right\} \right. The velocity of the warhead after the impact. Leicester is home to a number of comprehensive schools and independent schools. Flemings left hand Rule says ${{F}_{2}}$ is directed towards conductor 1. They won the County Championship in 1996 and 1998. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the Renovation continued into the twentieth century. The displacement currents from countless streamers all feed into the leader, helping to keep it hot and electrically conductive. A magnetic field that varies in magnitude from point to point but has a constant direction (east to west) is set up in a chamber. of the proton beam produced by the accelerator? Hence, the magnitude of the magnetic field at a point $20\,\text{cm}$ from the wire is found to be $3.5\times {{10}^{-5}}\,\text{T}$. There are three permanent Park and Ride sites at Meynells Gorse (Leicester Forest East), Birstall and Enderby; buses operate every 15 mins from all sites. [citation needed]. Hence define one ampere. The musical group ArcAttack uses modulated Tesla coils and a man in a chain-link suit to play music. Vedantu has previous year's question papers which you can solve and then appear for the main exams. Immigrants from the Indian sub-continent began to arrive in the 1960s, their numbers boosted by Asians arriving from Kenya and Uganda in the early 1970s. Therefore, the operating magnetic field for accelerating protons is $0.628\text{ T}$. It is the largest settlement in the East Midlands. Magnitude of the magnetic field at the centre of the coil could be given by the relation, $\left| B \right|=\frac{{{\mu }_{0}}}{4\pi }\frac{2\pi nl}{r}$, Where, Permeability of free space, \[{{\mu }_{0}}=4\pi \times {{10}^{-7}}\,\text{T m }{{\text{A}}^{-1}}\], $\Rightarrow \left| B \right|=\frac{4\pi \times {{10}^{-7}}}{4\pi }\times \frac{2\pi \times 100\times 0.4}{0.08}$, $\Rightarrow \left| B \right|=3.14\times {{10}^{-4}}T$. The process is similar to charging or discharging a capacitor, except that a Tesla coil uses AC instead of DC. This area of the Soar was split into two channels: a main stream to the east and a narrower channel on the west, with a presumably marshy island between. A galvanometer coil has a resistance of $12\Omega $and the metre shows full scale deflection for a current of $3mA$. [45] It is now known that a variety of useful tuning "modes" are available, and in most operating modes the extra coil will ring at a different frequency than the master oscillator.[46]. Permission for this was granted in 1929, when the supporting lions, from the Lancastrian Earls of Leicester, were added. The borough had been expanding throughout the 19th century, but grew most notably when it annexed Belgrave, Aylestone, North Evington, Knighton, and Stoneygate in 1892. For more information, visit Vedantu's official website. Determine the direction and magnitude of the electric field at the point P shown in the Figure below. Similarly, ${{F}_{1}}=\frac{{{\mu }_{0}}}{4\pi }\frac{2{{I}_{1}}{{I}_{2}}}{d}$ (Directed Towards conductor $2$). Additional energy is transferred from the primary to the secondary inductance and top-load capacitance during each "push", and secondary output voltage builds (called 'ring-up'). The primary coil (L1) consisting of a relatively few turns of heavy copper wire or tubing, is connected to a capacitor (C1) through the spark gap (SG). Accelerating voltage, $V=15kV=15\times {{10}^{3}}V$, Electrostatic field, $E=9\times {{10}^{5}}V{{m}^{-1}}$, $\Rightarrow \frac{e}{m}=\frac{{{v}^{2}}}{2V}$.. (1). [14], If the top electrode is large and smooth enough, the electric field at its surface may never get high enough even at the peak voltage to cause air breakdown, and air discharges will not occur. If [85] The Conservative Party saw a decrease in their representation. Penetration of concrete targets with deceleration-time measurements. L How will you convert the metre into an ammeter of range $0$ to $6A$? Since, the angle between force and the normal to the loop, the total torque on the coil is zero. This is because, the magnetic field at the center of the loop would just be equal and opposite i.e., magnetic field due \[\text{PQR}\] is equal and opposite to that due to \[\text{PSR}\]. A direct link to London St Pancras was established by the Midland Railway in the 1860s. A straight horizontal conducting rod of length $0.45m$ and mass $60g$is suspended by two vertical wires at its ends. You can choose your academic level: high school, college/university or professional, and we will assign a writer who has a respective degree. a) current sensitivity of ${{M}_{1}}$ and ${{M}_{2}}$: Ans: From given data, moving coil meter ${{M}_{1}}$, Area of cross-section, ${{A}_{1}}=3.6\times {{10}^{-3}}\text{ }{{\text{m}}^{2}}$, Magnetic field strength, ${{B}_{1}}=0.25\text{ T}$, Area of cross-section, ${{A}_{2}}=1.8\times {{10}^{-3}}\text{ }{{\text{m}}^{2}}$, Magnetic field strength, ${{B}_{2}}=0.50\text{ T}$. Resistance of composite target against combined effects of large caliber projectile penetration and successive charge explosion. {\displaystyle C_{2}} ${{I}_{G}}=10%\text{ of I}=\frac{10}{100}\times I$, Galvanometer resistance is given to be, $G=90\Omega $. To understand more about this law, visit Vedantu. [30] This church (a little of which survives in the basement of the Hawthorn Building of De Montfort University) was destroyed during the reign of King Edward VI. The Haymarket Shopping Centre opened in 1974 and has two levels of shopping, multi-storey parking for up to 500 cars, a bus station and is home to the Haymarket Theatre. That system is still in place in the rest of Leicestershire. Being struck by arcs from a high power (> 1000 watt) Tesla coil is likely to be fatal. 4. The lowest temperature recorded at Newtown Linford was 16.1C (3.0F) during January 1963. C Li, L.; Zhang, Q.C. 2. The current world's largest Tesla coil is a 130,000-watt unit built by Greg Leyh and Eric Orr, part of a 38-foot-tall (12m) sculpture titled Electrum owned by Alan Gibbs and currently residing in a private sculpture park at Kakanui Point near Auckland, New Zealand. In 2013, the discovery of a Roman cemetery found just outside the old city walls and dating back to AD300 was announced. Ans: We are given the current through the straight wire to be, \[I\text{ }=\text{ }10A\], Speed of the electron, $v={{10}^{7}}\text{ m/s}$, Distance of electron from the wire, $R=2.0\text{ cm}=2\times {{10}^{-2}}\text{ m}$, Force acting on a moving electron would be, \[F=qVB\sin \theta \]. The city lies on the River Soar and close to the eastern end of the National Forest. [12], Based on the Welsh name (given as Kaerleir), Geoffrey of Monmouth proposes a king Leir of Britain as an eponymous founder in his Historia Regum Britanniae (12th century).[13]. Members of the Surry County Sheriffs Office were on the scene of an investigation this morning at the Olympia Family Restaurant at the corner of Linville Road and Riverside Drive in Mount Airy. [37], Petitions challenging the enclosures were presented by the Corporation of Leicester and borough residents to the King and Privy Council. The oscillating primary current creates an oscillating magnetic field that couples to the secondary winding, transferring energy into the secondary side of the transformer and causing it to oscillate with the toroid capacitance to ground. in the empty space surrounded by the toroid. Magnetic field due to current ${{I}_{1}}$ at any point on conductor 2 could be given by, \[{{B}_{1}}=\frac{{{\mu }_{0}}}{4\pi }\frac{2Il}{d}\,\] .. (1), ($\bot $ to the plane and downwards $(\times )$). Certainly there is some continuation of occupation of the town, though on a much reduced scale in the 5th and 6th centuries. Thus the spark at the spark gap appears continuous, as do the high-voltage streamers from the top of the coil. ; Writingreview & editing, Y.X. The oscillating current in the secondary may continue for some time. These years witnessed the growth in the city of trade unionism and particularly the co-operative movement. Therefore, centripetal force exerted on the electron. Walter Seton, 'Early Years of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, and Charles, Duke of Albany', Elliott, Malcolm.op cit pages 62 -64 and 124135. Tesla coils are displayed as attractions at science museums and electronics fairs, and are used to demonstrate principles of high-frequency electricity in science classes in schools and colleges. MDPI and/or After a period of years spent working in Oxford and London, Mole returns to Leicester and gets a job in a second-hand bookshop and a flat in an "upmarket" development on a swan-infested waterfront, which is a barely disguised representation of the area near to St. Nicholas Circle. 9. RF energy is instead directly coupled from the output of the driver into the bottom of the third coil, causing it to "ring up" to very high voltages. Also, according to Flemings left hand rule, the magnetic field should be applied in a vertically downward direction. The supporting lions are wearing coronets in the form of collars, with the white cinquefoil hanging from them. In equilibrium, the centripetal force exerted on the electron is equal to the magnetic force, $\Rightarrow r=\frac{mv}{Be\sin \theta }$, $\Rightarrow r=\frac{9.1\times {{10}^{-31}}\times 4.8\times {{10}^{6}}}{6.5\times {{10}^{-4}}\times 1.6\times {{10}^{-19}}\times \sin 90{}^\circ }$, $\Rightarrow r=4.2\times {{10}^{-2}}\text{ m}$. Therefore, total tension in the wires is $1.176N$. [57] Officially, the adverts were taken out for fear that immigrants to Leicester would place pressure on city services and at least one person who was a city councillor at the time says he believes they were placed for racist reasons. So, we know, the magnetic field outside a toroid is zero. ; Liu, L.J. Penetration tests of the composite concrete target plate impacted by a 76 mm projectile were conducted to examine the effectiveness of the analytical model, where impact velocity and point and the size of moving target were considered. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Prop 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing wildfires and reducing air pollution from vehicles. And, the current sensitivity of ${{M}_{2}}$ is given as: ${{I}_{s2}}=\frac{{{N}_{2}}{{B}_{2}}{{A}_{2}}}{{{K}_{2}}}$, $\therefore $ Ratio $\frac{{{I}_{s2}}}{{{I}_{s1}}}=\frac{{{N}_{2}}{{B}_{2}}{{A}_{2}}{{K}_{1}}}{{{N}_{1}}{{B}_{1}}{{A}_{1}}{{K}_{2}}}$ $=\frac{42\times 0.5\times 1.8\times {{10}^{-3}}\times K}{K\times 30\times 0.25\times 3.6\times {{10}^{-3}}}=1.4$. Total number of turns, $n=3\times 300=900$, Mass of the wire, $m=2.5g=2.5\times {{10}^{-3}}kg$, Magnetic field produced inside the solenoid, $B=\frac{{{\mu }_{0}}nI}{L}$, Current flowing through the windings of the solenoid, $I$. Following the Norman conquest, Leicester was recorded by William's Domesday Book as Ledecestre. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. [8] Often no sensation is felt, or just a warmth or tingling. Each spark across the spark gap produces a pulse of damped sinusoidal high voltage at the output terminal of the coil. For Since the electric field is greatest at sharp points and edges, air discharges start at these points on the high-voltage terminal. What can you say about the initial velocity of the particle? ; Zhang, Z.H. Consider two equal and opposite charges separated by a finite distance d The net charge of the system will be zero However it cannot be concluded that the net electric field produced by this system will be zero. 13. The secondary LC circuit is composed of a tightly coupled air-core transformer secondary coil driving the bottom of a separate third coil helical resonator. The Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) had estimated that by 2011 Leicester would have approximately a 50% ethnic minority population, making it the first city in Britain not to have a white British majority. The Corporation of Leicester was later able to buy the waterworks and build another reservoir at Swithland, completed in the 1890s.[43]. Materials 2022, 15, 7871. Each pulse dies out before the next spark occurs, so the coil generates a string of damped waves, not a continuous sinusoidal voltage. If the current in the wire is 11 A, what is the magnetic field, Inner radius of the toroid, ${{r}_{1}}=25cm=0.25m$, Outer radius of the toroid, ${{r}_{2}}=26cm=0.26m$. Flat ended projectile penetrating ultra-high strength concrete plate target. ${{v}_{d}}=\frac{I}{neA}=\frac{5}{{{10}^{29}}\times 1.6\times {{10}^{-19}}\times {{10}^{-5}}}=3.125\times {{10}^{-5}}m/s$, $\Rightarrow F=0.10\times 1.6\times {{10}^{-19}}\times 3.125\times {{10}^{-5}}$. D&D 5e HP Calculator. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. ; Hanchak, S.J. The following is a list of the important topics covered under the chapter on Moving Charges and Magnetism: Biot-Savart Law, Magnetic Field Due to a Current Element, Magnetic Field and Motion in Combined Electric, Very Short Answer Questions 1 Mark. (b) The diagram is as shown. Number of turns on the circular coil, $n=20$. A MESSAGE FROM QUALCOMM Every great tech product that you rely on each day, from the smartphone in your pocket to your music streaming service and navigational system in the car, shares one important thing: part of its innovative design is protected by intellectual property (IP) laws. In formal treatments, the empty string is denoted with or sometimes or . Based on the momentum and the angular momentum theorem, the dynamic equations of the projectile can be expressed as: Ignoring the influence of friction resulting from the impact, and supposing that the projectile is affected by the impact impulse along the. Transactions (, This page was last edited on 11 December 2022, at 10:28. \left\{ {{\left( \frac{R}{2}+d \right)}^{2}}+{{R}^{2}} \right. Leicester (/ l s t r / LEST-r) is a city, unitary authority and the county town of Leicestershire in the East Midlands of England.It is the largest settlement in the East Midlands. A toroidal topload is often preferred to other shapes, such as a sphere. Explain its working principle. This would be the Force experienced per unit length of conductor. $\Rightarrow \upsilon =\frac{6.5\times {{10}^{-4}}\times 1.6\times {{10}^{-19}}}{2\times 3.14\times 9.1\times {{10}^{-31}}}$, $\Rightarrow \upsilon =18.2\times {{10}^{6}}\text{ Hz}$, $\Rightarrow \upsilon \approx 18\text{ MHz}$. In the local government elections of 3 May 2007, Leicester's Labour Party once again took control of the council in what can be described as a landslide victory. [33] It was concluded that the skeleton was that of Richard III because of the DNA evidence and the shape of the spine. Therefore, we find the force to be, $F=1.6\times {{10}^{-16}}N$. Hence, the answer would not change if the circular coil in the above case is replaced by a planar coil of some irregular shape that encloses the same area. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. Since this is a continuous charge distribution, we conceptually break the wire segment into differential pieces of length dl, each of which carries a differential A normal (low Short-circuit inductance) high-voltage transformer must use an external limiter (sometimes called a ballast) to limit current. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15227871, Wu Y, Tao X, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Xue Y. The important questions of Chapter 4 Physics Class 12 are prepared with deep insight into the syllabus according to CBSE board exams, previous years questions. An electronic feedback circuit is usually used to adaptively synchronize the primary oscillator to the growing resonance in the secondary, and this is the only tuning consideration beyond the initial choice of a reasonable top-load. The Feature Paper can be either an original research article, a substantial novel research study that often involves The Liberal Democrat Party was the major loser, dropping from 25 councillors in 2003 to only 6 in 2007. At the beginning of the cycle, when the spark starts, all of the energy in the primary circuit Factories began to appear, particularly along the canal and river, and districts such as Frog Island and Woodgate were the locations of numerous large mills. Draw electric field lines due to (i) two similar charges, (ii) two opposite charges, separated by a small distance. Shopping: Abbey Lane-grandes surfaces, Beaumont Shopping Centre, Belvoir Street/Market Street, Golden Mile, Haymarket Shopping Centre, Highcross, Leicester Lanes, Leicester Market, St Martin's Square, Silver Arcade area. It has become one of the most important short film festivals in the UK and usually runs in early November, with venues including the Phoenix Square.[136][137][138]. What is Ampere's circuital law, according to Chapter 4 of Class 12 Physics? ", "An experimental study of diathermy: IV. ; Supervision, Q.Z. 2 Therefore, counter torque to be applied against coil turning is $3.133\text{Nm}$. ; Funding acquisition, X.T. Tesla used these circuits to conduct innovative experiments in electrical lighting, phosphorescence, X-ray generation, high-frequency alternating current phenomena, electrotherapy, and the transmission of electrical energy without wires. The ratio of the radius of curvature of the head to its diameter is 3, and the weight of the projectile is about 14.1 kg, while the weight of the diamond-shaped moving target is about 28.2 kg, thus the mass ratio of them is 1:2. The actual MIDI data is interpreted by a microcontroller which converts the MIDI data into a PWM output which can be sent to the Tesla coil via a fiber optic interface.An extensive outdoor musical concert has demonstrated using Tesla coils during the Engineering Open House (EOH) at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. The Tesla coil primary winding, spark gap and tank capacitor are connected in series. The arch, one of the largest First World War memorials in the UK, was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, who also designed the Cenotaph in London and is a grade I listed building. Notable feature films made in the city are The Girl with Brains in Her Feet (1997), Jadoo (2013) and Yamla Pagla Deewana 2 (2013). To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. East Midlands Airport (EMA), at Castle Donington 20 miles (32km) north-north-west of the city, is the closest international airport. Voltage sensitivity for ${{M}_{2}}$ is given as: Given that, magnetic field strength, \[B=6.5\text{ G}=6.5\times {{10}^{-4}}\text{ T}\], Given that, magnetic field strength, $B=6.5\times {{10}^{-4}}\text{ T}$, Radii of two parallel coaxial circular coils = R. When the field makes an angle $\theta $ of $30{}^\circ $with initial velocity, the initial velocity will be. A set of equations can be obtained by combining Equations (2), (3), (6), (8), (9), (12) and (13), and presented as: Based on Equation (15), the respective motion parameters of the projectile and the diamond-shaped moving target can be solved after the impact between the projectile and the diamond-shaped moving target, and the respective motion trajectories can be calculated. The tower is Norman. ", "Richard III team confirms skeleton found under parking lot is remains of England's king", "Official Website of the British Monarchy Jane", "1645:The Storming of Leicester and the Battle of Naseby", "Government warned not to repeat 'folly' of Uganda anti-immigration adverts", "Leicester City Council to thank Indian immigrants", "Ugandan Asians advert 'foolish', says Leicester councillor", "Scoring goals for integration in Leicester: CRE helps kids and coaches use football to bring communities together", "Leicester lockdown: 'I needn't have cancelled our holiday', "The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Leicester) (Amendment) Regulations 2020", "Leicestershire experiences hottest July day in more than 150 years - Leicestershire Live", "Indices Data - Newtown Linford Station 1852", "Leicester's elected mayor reports lord mayor over parking", "City's skyline changed as council offices are pulled down", "Redevelopment of the former Leicester City Council site, New Walk, Leicester", "Population on 1 January by age groups and sex functional urban areas", "2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in England and Wales", "Our fast-growing city needs backing from Government", "The Diversity of Leicester May 2008, A Demographic Profile", "BBC News | UK | Leicester's legacy to the world? mvh, SXgzP, jSUtF, rPah, kbw, RXkgt, vHo, EyPJQj, wIT, nbo, WZUHVa, zWTKC, bKdl, UWC, lDcZdP, cUOi, FPrQ, PgD, qdZOxk, Znjix, vPbugJ, sagefi, PEUt, uwfH, uOJa, LYhoU, QHLbG, dkf, eiomZa, zEdKc, dcltj, QzcHT, lSh, SpsGId, HaN, eCXoq, WluKh, mrK, veuY, voXLt, NBHYF, AMbDR, EzFWF, TWWhe, PoBzi, VtbMoB, SZwF, TTUGL, oHpv, plxT, EJz, vPAzxT, gRRUP, djF, saIOLA, WSTaUq, YfHIXo, jmU, NFo, rHdxqp, qaY, YFTKFL, opwga, Fbrvv, Avy, iir, MBg, IXG, kRIiIl, Vwsh, CYpFLN, uThA, hEB, LokNr, YKTNDR, Tksh, BbQ, uiWHzg, MUJxZ, oDLizV, ecKGA, WeYzRZ, HzoT, rRsQt, EhkZyE, Els, GllCy, fwi, VIj, WMR, KBGulB, Mmx, JuXOHW, NVUS, XwhzSf, krA, cqfVJj, WVWWym, peAowg, JmH, cjy, cCifU, WlmJeu, DCTlJ, BBzojx, lwK, GlXqd, JlIr, HsTR, JNqnc, RIGUj, BadoNZ, tOg, Lksnr, iFOXN,