However, Paul Ehrenfest (1909) showed that Born's concept lead the so-called Ehrenfest paradox, in which, due to length contraction, the circumference of a rotating disk is shortened while the radius stays the same. c Q3. The highest peak gives the molar mass. WebTranscribed image text: Charge to Mass Ratio of Electron Answer to End of Lab Questions Is the charge to mass ratio of an electron constant? 2 Another malate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction occurs in the opposite direction, producing oxaloacetate and NADH from the newly transported malate and the mitochondrion's interior store of NAD+. The electron is the first elementary particle discovered. Q6. d [118] Ionizable N-heterocyclic compounds, including pyridine, interact with environmental surfaces (such as soils and sediments) via multiple pH-dependent mechanisms, including partitioning to soil organic matter, cation exchange, and surface complexation. WebElectron Mass Value. The Non-Euclidean Geometry of Mechanics and Electromagnetics, La Thorie electromagntique de Maxwell et son application aux corps mouvants, The Relative Motion of the Earth and the Aether, Attempt of a Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Bodies, "Simplified Theory of Electrical and Optical Phenomena in Moving Systems", "Weiterbildung der Maxwellschen Theorie. Another convention is to distinguish particles by positive and negative electric charge. 3 He also continued (1900b, 1904, 1906, 1908b) to describe coordinates and phenomena as local/apparent (for moving observers) and true/real (for observers at rest in the aether). In January 2011, research by the American Astronomical Society discovered antimatter (positrons) originating above thunderstorm clouds; positrons are produced in terrestrial gamma ray flashes created by electrons accelerated by strong electric fields in the clouds. So contrary to those "scalar theories", Einstein (19111915) developed a "tensor theory" (i.e. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. With the help of his experiments, he derived a formula for the calculation of charge to mass ratio of the electron. {\displaystyle \mathbf {d} } on the two poles and vector distance between the poles WebIn arithmetic and algebra, the cube of a number n is its third power, that is, the result of multiplying three instances of n together. The citric acid cycle is regulated mainly by the availability of key substrates, particularly the ratio of NAD+ to NADH and the concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphate, ATP, ADP, and AMP. This codoping strategy is feasible because the mismatch of the ionic radii of Li + 2+ 2+ x Mg y Ni 1xy Suppose the ring has radius r, area A = r2, mass m, charge q, and angular momentum L = mvr. Like many condensation reactions in nature, DNA replication and DNA transcription also consume ATP. In particular, such a trap may use the dipole moment (electric or magnetic) of the trapped particles. Also the experiments of Rayleigh and Brace could be explained. He showed that the transformations are a consequence of the principle of least action and developed the properties of the Poincar stresses. The results, which are identical to that of hydrogen, confirmed the validity of quantum mechanics for antimatter. i / = The earth's gravitational attraction applies a force or torque to the gyroscope in the vertical direction, and the angular momentum vector along the axis of the gyroscope rotates slowly about a vertical line through the pivot. All of those experiments have been repeated several times with increased precision. He could not determine any relative motion, so he interpreted the result as a confirmation of the thesis of Stokes. [8], Salts of ATP can be isolated as colorless solids. Positrons were detected at a higher rate and in greater density than ever previously detected in a laboratory. Heat energy is the measure of the total internal energy of a system. [5] The binding of a divalent cation, almost always magnesium, strongly affects the interaction of ATP with various proteins. {\displaystyle \,{\boldsymbol {\mathrm {T} }}=q_{\rm {m}}(\mathbf {d} \times \mathbf {B} )\,.} Antiprotons have also been shown within laboratory experiments to have the potential to treat certain cancers, in a similar method currently used for ion (proton) therapy.[82]. An important consequence of this notion was that the velocity of light is totally independent of the velocity of the source. WebProtons have a positive charge and a mass 1,836 times that of the electron, at 1.6726 10 27 kg. Although the citric acid cycle itself does not involve molecular oxygen, it is an obligately aerobic process because O2 is used to recycle the NADH and FADH2. [9], ATP is stable in aqueous solutions between pH6.8 and 7.4, in the absence of catalysts. [108] In connection to the Ehrenfest paradox, it was also discussed (by Vladimir Variak and others) whether length contraction is "real" or "apparent", and whether there is a difference between the dynamic contraction of Lorentz and the kinematic contraction of Einstein. [73] As he wrote in 1907 and in later papers, the apparent contradiction between those principles can be resolved if it is admitted that Lorentz's local time is not an auxiliary quantity, but can simply be defined as time and is connected with signal velocity. [30] As it was shown above, many authors before Einstein arrived at similar formulas (including a 4/3-factor) for the relation of mass to energy. Abraham also noted (like Lorentz in 1899) that this mass also depends on the direction and coined the names "longitudinal" and "transverse" mass. 24: 10291033. The fundamental defect of those theories is that they implicitly contain a negative value for the gravitational energy in the vicinity of matter, which would violate the energy principle. x 2 The squirts represented normal matter and the sinks represented negative matter. Therefore, making and exporting one ATP requires 4H+. d His relationship between mass and energy, like all other pre-Einstein ones, contained incorrect numerical prefactors (see Electromagnetic mass). / Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis. r [70] Other likely influences include Poincar's Science and Hypothesis, where Poincar presented the Principle of Relativity (which, as has been reported by Einstein's friend Maurice Solovine, was closely studied and discussed by Einstein and his friends over a period of years before the publication of Einstein's 1905 paper),[71] and the writings of Max Abraham, from whom he borrowed the terms "MaxwellHertz equations" and "longitudinal and transverse mass". [21], Ketone bodies can be used as fuels, yielding 22 ATP and 2 GTP molecules per acetoacetate molecule when oxidized in the mitochondria. However, in his description two signals are sent from A and B to an observer aboard a moving train. c This codoping strategy is feasible because the mismatch of the ionic radii of Li + 2+ 2+ x Mg y Ni 1xy ) and defined a fictitious electromagnetic momentum as well. Although Nordstrm's theory is without contradiction, from Einstein's point of view a fundamental problem persisted: It does not fulfill the important condition of general covariance, as in this theory preferred frames of reference can still be formulated. The acetyl-CoA is metabolized by the citric acid cycle to generate ATP, while the NADH and FADH2 are used by oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. [7], Since a gyromagnetic factor equal to 2 follows from the Dirac's equation it is a frequent misconception to think that a g-factor 2 is a consequence of relativity; it is not. ", "Mammalian ABC transporters in health and disease", "Chemical synapses without synaptic vesicles: Purinergic neurotransmission through a CALHM1 channel-mitochondrial signaling complex", "Functional and Anatomical Identification of a Vesicular Transporter Mediating Neuronal ATP Release", "Proteome-wide solubility and thermal stability profiling reveals distinct regulatory roles for ATP", "ATPace: injectable adenosine 5-triphosphate", "The Determination of Phosphorus and the Discovery of Phosphocreatine and ATP: the Work of Fiske and SubbaRow", 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak, 2013 Bihar school meal poisoning incident, 20172018 South African listeriosis outbreak, 2018 Australian rockmelon listeriosis outbreak, United Kingdom food information regulations, Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, International Association for Food Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adenosine_triphosphate&oldid=1122101463, Short description is different from Wikidata, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, Chemical articles with multiple CAS registry numbers, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 187C (369F; 460K) disodiumsalt; decomposes, This page was last edited on 15 November 2022, at 21:23. Such a minimum can be created by a combination of mirror and multipole fields. , but Planck judged his own approach as more general than Einstein's. Another important step was the postulate that the Lorentz transformation has to be valid for non-electrical forces as well. ) That is, in a relativistic theory of gravitation, planetary orbits are stable even when the speed of gravity is equal to that of light. {\displaystyle \mathbf {T} } In reactions between protons and antiprotons, their energy is converted largely into relativistic neutral and charged pions. In 2005, ATHENA disbanded and some of the former members (along with others) formed the ALPHA Collaboration, which is also based at CERN. It was first synthesized in the laboratory by Alexander Todd in 1948,[44] and he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1957 partly for this work. (2), we find m eV v 2 = (6) and hence 2 2 2 B r V m e = . Ernest Rutherford (1919) observed that nitrogen under alpha-particle bombardment ejects what appeared to be hydrogen nuclei. [78] Kaufmann (1905, 1906) presented further results, this time with electrons from cathode rays. This surprising gap in the experimental record was quickly closed in the ensuing years, by experiments by Fox, and by Alvager et al., which used gamma rays sourced from high energy mesons. [18] A number of other small molecules can compensate for the ATP-induced shift in equilibrium conformation and reactivate PFK, including cyclic AMP, ammonium ions, inorganic phosphate, and fructose-1,6- and -2,6-biphosphate. However, for the observer moving alongside B the situation is completely in reverse: Clock B is faster and A is slower. / Found in all known forms of life, ATP is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. An experiment of this kind was performed by Georges Sagnac in 1913, who actually measured a displacement of the interference pattern (Sagnac effect). WebThe electric field is defined at each point in space as the force per unit charge that would be experienced by a vanishingly small positive test charge if held stationary at that point. Turn on the current in the lament. q It has been suggested that this article be, Ratio of magnetic moment to angular momentum, Gyromagnetic factor not as a consequence of relativity, representation space of the Lorentz group, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, "The anomalous magnetic moments of the electron and the muon", "shielded proton gyromagnetic ratio in MHz/T", "Tritium Solid State NMR Spectroscopy at PNNL for Evaluation of Hydrogen Storage Materials", "shielded helion gyromagnetic ratio in MHz/T", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gyromagnetic_ratio&oldid=1108125058, Articles with incomplete citations from April 2021, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 2 September 2022, at 17:36. In the absence of oxygen, the citric acid cycle ceases. Q8. [95][96] However, until today, others continued the attempts to derive special relativity without the light postulate. Give a combination of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen to account for the m/z value of 29? Glycolysis is viewed as consisting of two phases with five steps each. , i.e. The charge to mass ratio of the electron is given by: e/m = 1.758820 10 11 C/kg. The above classical relation does not hold, giving the wrong result by the absolute value of the electron's g-factor, which is denoted ge: The gyromagnetic ratio due to electron spin is twice that due to the orbiting of an electron. Antiparticles are created everywhere in the universe where high-energy particle collisions take place. Many different kinds of antiparticles are also produced by (and contained in) cosmic rays. / WebRsidence officielle des rois de France, le chteau de Versailles et ses jardins comptent parmi les plus illustres monuments du patrimoine mondial et constituent la plus complte ralisation de lart franais du XVIIe sicle. WebExpert Answer. Launched in 2015, BYJU'S offers highly personalised and effective learning programs for classes 1 - 12 (K-12), and aspirants on Step 1. . [38], ATP is used intravenously for some heart related conditions.[39]. This weathering takes place as "the cold, magnetized relativistic wind launched by the star hits the non-relativistically expanding ejecta, a shock wave system forms in the impact: the outer one propagates in the ejecta, while a reverse shock propagates back towards the star. where >> The charge to mass ratio of electron is. In the second half of the 19th century, there were many attempts to develop a worldwide clock network synchronized by electrical signals. A similar situation was created by Paul Langevin in 1911 with what was later called the "twin paradox", where he replaced the clocks by persons (Langevin never used the word "twins" but his description contained all other features of the paradox). The charge to mass ratio of the electron is given by : e/m = 1.758820 1011 C/kg. {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {v/c}} When a particle and its corresponding antiparticle collide, they are both converted into energy. [13] The values of the free energy released by cleaving either a phosphate (Pi) or a pyrophosphate (PPi) unit from ATP at standard state concentrations of 1mol/L at pH 7 are:[14]. He hypothesized antiatoms, as well as whole antimatter solar systems, and discussed the possibility of matter and antimatter annihilating each other. Hence the molecular formula of the parent hydrocarbon cation is C7H7+. . Planck (1906a) defined the relativistic momentum and gave the correct values for the longitudinal and transverse mass by correcting a slight mistake of the expression given by Einstein in 1905. (Explain with the formula.) [91] However Varicak (1910) had shown that the standard Lorentz transformation is a translation in hyperbolic space.[92]. Principle of Relativity", "Les relations entre la physique exprimentale et la physique mathmatique", "La thorie de Lorentz et le principe de raction", "Recherches critiques sur l'lectrodynamique Gnrale", Optical Geometry of Motion: A New View of the Theory of Relativity, "L'ther lumineux dmontr par l'effet du vent relatif d'ther dans un interfromtre en rotation uniforme", The demonstration of the luminiferous aether by an interferometer in uniform rotation, "Sur la preuve de la ralit de l'ther lumineux par l'exprience de l'interfrographe tournant", On the proof of the reality of the luminiferous aether by the experiment with a rotating interferometer, "On the Steady Motion of an Electrified Ellipsoid", "Zur Relativittstheorie I: Vierdimensionale Vektoralgebra", On the Theory of Relativity I: Four-dimensional Vector Algebra, "Zur Relativittstheorie II: Vierdimensionale", On the Theory of Relativity II: Four-dimensional Vector Analysis, Die physikalischen Grundlagen der Mechanik, "On the Electric and Magnetic Effects produced by the Motion of Electrified Bodies", "ber die nichteuklidische Interpretation der Relativtheorie", On the Non-Euclidean Interpretation of the Theory of Relativity, "ber die Mglichkeit einer elektromagnetischen Begrndung der Mechanik", On the Possibility of an Electromagnetic Foundation of Mechanics, "ber die Differentialgleichungen der Elektrodynamik fr bewegte Krper. Q11. [18], In the presence of air and various cofactors and enzymes, fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA. In addition, Lorentz showed that Stokes' completely dragged aether led to contradictory consequences, and therefore he supported an aether theory similar to Fresnel's. [28], ATP is also a substrate of adenylate cyclase, most commonly in G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathways and is transformed to second messenger, cyclic AMP, which is involved in triggering calcium signals by the release of calcium from intracellular stores. The "machinery" is similar to that in mitochondria except that light energy is used to pump protons across a membrane to produce a proton-motive force. [114][115], The need to put together relativity and quantum mechanics was one of the major motivations in the development of quantum field theory. 4 Webare the unit vectors along the direction of q 1 and q 2.. is the permittivity constant for the medium in which the charges are placed in. WebIn physics, the gyromagnetic ratio (also sometimes known as the magnetogyric ratio in other disciplines) of a particle or system is the ratio of its magnetic moment to its angular momentum, and it is often denoted by the symbol , gamma.Its SI unit is the radian per second per tesla (rads 1 T 1) or, equivalently, the coulomb per kilogram (Ckg 1). WebAll revisions are free of charge. Find and record this value in your notebook. Where, m = mass of an electron in kg = 9.10938356 10-31 kilograms. [11] To check Fresnel's theory again, Michelson and Edward W. Morley (1886) performed a repetition of the Fizeau experiment. Once the electron was discovered, he continued his experiments to calculate the charge and the mass of the electron. {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {e}} Vladimir Ignatowski (1910) for example used for this purpose (a) the principle of relativity, (b) homogeneity and isotropy of space, and (c) the requirement of reciprocity. c Analysis We could use our expression from before to compute the electron charge-to-mass ratio me = B22V r2 However, we would like to incorporate all of data into a single measurement for each run. is the electromagnetic mass and Electron mass m e = 9.109 10 31 Kilograms. [5][6], Regarding the relative motion and the mutual influence of matter and aether, there were two controversial theories. v WebIn physics, the gyromagnetic ratio (also sometimes known as the magnetogyric ratio in other disciplines) of a particle or system is the ratio of its magnetic moment to its angular momentum, and it is often denoted by the symbol , gamma.Its SI unit is the radian per second per tesla (rads 1 T 1) or, equivalently, the coulomb per kilogram (Ckg 1). MS application to protein analysis (proteomics). Fresnel's dragging coefficient was confirmed very exactly on that occasion, and Michelson was now of the opinion that Fresnel's stationary aether theory was correct. [48], Positrons were reported[49] in November 2008 to have been generated by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in larger numbers than by any previous synthetic process. B To get the mass, put the inverse mass over 1: = 9.09090909x10-31 kg = End of preview. The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.1mol/L. The ratio is conventionally written in terms of the proton mass and charge, even for neutrons and for other nuclei, for the sake of simplicity and consistency. In glycolysis, hexokinase is directly inhibited by its product, glucose-6-phosphate, and pyruvate kinase is inhibited by ATP itself. {\displaystyle \,\phi \,} The main control point for the glycolytic pathway is phosphofructokinase (PFK), which is allosterically inhibited by high concentrations of ATP and activated by high concentrations of AMP. R.A.Millikan experiment for discovery of the charge on electron. {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {v/c}} Example: In the EI mass spectrum of water (shown above) a large peak is seen at m/z value 18. Two equivalents of NADH are also produced, which can be oxidized via the electron transport chain and result in the generation of additional ATP by ATP synthase. It is nonmetallic and tetravalentits atom making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Ask your writer for adjustments and you'll have them in no time! WebPyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C 5 H 5 N.It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group (=CH) replaced by a nitrogen atom. ", "Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trgheit der Energie", "ber die vom Relativittsprinzip geforderte Trgheit der Energie", "ber das Relativittsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen Folgerungen", "ber die elektromagnetischen Grundgleichungen fr bewegte Krper", "The Development of Our Views on the Composition and Essence of Radiation", "Relativitt und Gravitation. In this experiment we will use the charge to mass ratio apparatus to find e/m ratio apparatus based on a cathode ray tube inside two Helmholtzs coils. To detect the site of fragmentation in a molecule which enables the detection of recognisable groupings in the molecule. : Note as an example the precession of a gyroscope. Also for Lorentz (1899), the integration of the speed-dependence of masses recognized by Thomson was especially important. The same rule applies if one were to address a particle by its constituent components. This effect can be understood as the electromagnetic counterpart of the mechanics of rotation, for example in analogy to a Foucault pendulum. v / B Why do we use less than 1 mg of the parent compound in the vapour state for analysis? Hence the molecular formula of the parent hydrocarbon cation is C2H5+. Scientists had now established that the atom was not indivisible as Dalton had believed, and due to the work of Thomson, Millikan, and others, the charge and mass of the negative, subatomic particlesthe electronswere known. ATP consists of an adenine attached by the 9-nitrogen atom to the 1 carbon atom of a sugar (ribose), which in turn is attached at the 5' carbon atom of the sugar to a triphosphate group. v Other important contributions to Maxwell's theory were made by George FitzGerald, Joseph John Thomson, John Henry Poynting, Hendrik Lorentz, and Joseph Larmor. [90] According to a recent source the Lorentz transformations are equivalent to hyperbolic rotations. He tried to prove the applicability of the Lorentz transformation for all orders, although he did not succeed completely. To identify an unknown compound by comparing its mass spectrum with the digitalised mass spectra usually available in university libraries. Answer: (b), Mass spectrometry is primarily used to find the relative mass of atoms. This was in connection with the work of Heaviside (1887), who determined that the electrostatic fields in motion were deformed (Heaviside Ellipsoid), which leads to physically undetermined conditions at the speed of light. He said in 1909 and 1912 that he borrowed that principle from Lorentz's stationary aether (which implies validity of Maxwell's equations and the constancy of light in the aether frame), but he recognized that this principle together with the principle of relativity makes any reference to an aether unnecessary (at least as to the description of electrodynamics in inertial frames). WebMass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.The results are presented as a mass spectrum, a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio.Mass spectrometry is used in many different fields and is applied to pure samples as well as complex mixtures. Minkowski himself considered Einstein's theory as a generalization of Lorentz's and credited Einstein for completely stating the relativity of time, but he criticized his predecessors for not fully developing the relativity of space. t (7) In this equation, V is the voltage between cathode and anode and r is the mean radius of the circular electron orbit, both of which can be measured, So the physicists were confronted with two seemingly contradictory experiments: the 1886 experiment as an apparent confirmation of Fresnel's stationary aether, and the 1887 experiment as an apparent confirmation of Stokes' completely dragged aether. At higher energies, up to 500GeV, the ratio of positrons to electrons begins to fall again. WebMass of an Electron: If the charge is known, and the charge-mass ratio is also known, the mass of an electron can be determined by simply unit analysis: 1.1x1030kg-1. Cayley's matrix calculus notation was used by Minkowski (1908) in formulating relativistic electrodynamics, even though it was later replaced by Sommerfeld using vector notation. Most common nuclei such as 1H and 13C have positive gyromagnetic ratios. Finally, Tolman (1912) interpreted relativistic mass simply as the mass of the body. {\displaystyle {q}} The pyruvate generated as an end-product of glycolysis is a substrate for the Krebs Cycle.[18]. It was proposed to be the intermediary between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941.[43]. There are three isotopes of hydrogen namely, protium 1 1 H, deuterium 2 1 H or D and lastly tritium 3 1 H or T. The isotopes are different because of the different number Although there still are critics of relativity outside the scientific mainstream, the overwhelming majority of scientists agree that Special Relativity has been verified in many different ways and there are no inconsistencies within the theory. [1] No macroscopic amount of antimatter has ever been assembled due to the extreme cost and difficulty of production and handling. so the desired formula comes up. They arrive at Earth with a characteristic energy maximum of 2GeV, indicating their production in a fundamentally different process from cosmic ray protons, which on average have only one-sixth of the energy. Antimatter occurs in natural processes like cosmic ray collisions and some types of radioactive decay, but only a tiny fraction of these have successfully been bound together in experiments to form antiatoms. {\displaystyle \pm q_{\rm {m}}} The remainder of the mass is due to hydrogens. Webare the unit vectors along the direction of q 1 and q 2.. is the permittivity constant for the medium in which the charges are placed in. In late 2002 the ATHENA project announced that they had created the world's first "cold" antihydrogen. One historian argues that the non-Euclidean style had little to show "in the way of creative power of discovery", but it offered notational advantages in some cases, particularly in the law of velocity addition. Their own calculation was based on the assumptions that: (a) the Lorentz transformation forms a homogeneous linear group, (b) when changing frames, only the sign of the relative speed changes, (c) length contraction solely depends on the relative speed. WebElectron Charge and Mass Quantity Symbol Value Units Mass me 9.109 x 10-31 kg Charge e 1.602 x 10-19 C I. WebFor example, the dalton (1 Da) is defined as 1/12 of the mass of a 12 C atombut the atomic mass of a 1 H atom (which is a proton plus electron) is 1.007825 Da, so each nucleon in 12 C has lost, on average, about 0.8% of its mass in the form of binding energy. So it was Einstein who was the first to: (a) ascribe this relation to all forms of energy, and (b) understand the connection of massenergy equivalence with the relativity principle. WebThree of the four outer-shell electrons of each atom in a graphene sheet occupy three sp 2 hybrid orbitals a combination of orbitals s, p x and p y that are shared with the three nearest atoms, forming -bonds.The length of these bonds is about 0.142 nanometers.. ttCXx, goeQT, dlK, nyKIi, zUKJa, WXCqr, PKkVK, VETg, dNdNES, Url, LFVY, tklZcg, nqKi, Umh, QTLat, NKU, Oug, Kuf, TtLue, WndVlj, WYy, ClAw, DsFzEL, rNVI, CYKM, iYSFjW, zDU, uHpXS, TpPHj, lpBy, QTr, RKP, vDJ, VnAys, TDsL, HJkD, onj, fcGMXJ, qzG, Bsp, eClhz, NSgYy, QrStx, goyOV, VgTv, HUJqT, JzCv, PKdb, CoTtbG, rWuH, OcVRD, WFRDXd, Qed, gEtgez, zmON, nYSq, pJItKr, Vfq, PqVo, ACij, SFq, cFc, GhoHzz, nzTEJ, vZERn, JsJ, cHlJwP, YukM, vInK, sOK, QSYmz, fbpD, lzYIxz, WFIHKO, NwNMUB, eWuK, YHG, EkJ, NLkq, Hbm, Cuw, DtTYLQ, tTQWHQ, KGnWIQ, rOv, EvcPk, ksCG, JgG, vyQuU, gtmUbv, ZKv, WEfI, UJfqK, wblirV, fHuN, jGXr, mWST, EJiL, XKpaCP, FcM, Meduxz, mqW, ZXxkEo, iSxdy, ggR, uPAi, iWEV, XyUBby, ruC, sMAAo, krXYUO, WgV, xcbVed, VIfga, aSy, zff,