(4) Secure the unit, without interfering with the interlock function, to prevent sliding or tip over. the shortest internal length, when empty. 12988, CPSC states the preemptive effect of the rule, as follows: The Commission issues the regulations for CSUs under authority of the CPSA. It is measured in pound-feet, representing a force multiplied by a lever arm, or distance from the force to the point of rotation. 1 CFR 51.5(a). from 39 agencies. The first test method is required for CSUs with extendable elements that extend at least 6 inches from the fulcrum. The children in the study extended their CM an average of about 6 inches from the handle/foothold while ascending. significant adverse effects on competition, employment, investment, productivity, innovation, or the ability of U.S. enterprises to compete with foreign enterprises in domestic and export markets. However, this alternative still would not account for the factors that occur during CSU tip-over incidents that contribute to instability, including multiple open and filled drawers, carpeting, and the horizontal and dynamic forces from children's interactions with the CSU. Brandes said the CRC "has no rules, players have no experience, once it starts it cant stop, crazy things pop out, and you never know how damaging they will be. Figure 3 to paragraph (j)Functional volume of extendable element. For online sales, the hang tag information must be provided on manufacturer websites from which consumers may purchase a CSU. Staff considered instability incidents relevant because product instability can lead to a tip over, and the same factors can contribute to instability and tip overs. Response: The tip rating number on the hang tag is the ratio of tested moment to threshold requirement. 68. 4.42 The validation and independent review of an AI model is important in order to ensure an objective view is given on the model, inclusive of the way in which it is developed and that it is suitable for the intended purpose. Commenters noted that these issues could also increase consumer prices. These include the loss of utility if certain desired characteristics or styles are no longer available, or if compliant CSUs are less convenient to use. Q10: How could current regulation be clarified with respect to AI? Among nonfatal CPSRMS tip-over incidents involving children and only CSUs, opening drawers was, by far, the most common interaction for children 7 years old and younger; and climbing was also common among 3-year-olds and, to a lesser extent, among 2- and 4-year-olds. Response: Figure 2: The test setup and location of instruments used to measure force during handle trials (left), box/drawer trials (center), and table trials (right). For example, the combination of high-quality data, appropriate model choices, and good governance can result in a well-performing AI system and accurate outputs. Any units shipped directly to consumers shall contain the hang tag on the immediate container of the product. This alternative was discussed in the ANPR. Although this testing involved ASTM F2057-14, the stability requirements were the same as in ASTM F2057-19. For example: 4.60 The concept of reasonable steps is a core element of the SM&CR. This increases the likelihood that consumers will notice the tag, is consistent with EurekaFacts' findings regarding effective hang tags, and aligns with other similar Federal hang tag requirements (such as the EnergyGuide for household appliances). The warning statements address the risk of children dying from furniture tip overs; not allowing children to stand, climb, or hang on CSUs; not opening more than one drawer at a time; placing the heaviest items in the bottom drawer; and installing tip restraints. The FKGL for the ballot title is grade level 22, and the FRE is -52. Click here for the Florida Secretary of State's page on accepted ID to ensure you have the most current information. Calls to abolish the Florida Constitution Revision Commission came after the CRC referred eight amendments to the ballot for the election on November 6, 2018, of which, seven were involved in lawsuits alleging that they were composed of multiple subjects bundled into one or that their ballot language was inaccurate or misleading. 2.10 While there is no consensus on a single definition, it is generally accepted that AI is the simulation of human intelligence by machines, including the use of computer systems, which have the ability to perform tasks that demonstrate learning, decision-making, problem solving, and other tasks which previously required human intelligence. 8. which includes in the definition of extendible element, [e]xtendible elements have an outstop OR will remain in the drawer case/cabinet (in its normal use position) when it is extended up to L. 110-314, section 3, 122 Stat. Therefore, to accommodate the requested change to a test block, the position of the block must be specified. In the NPR, interlock was defined as a device that restricts simultaneous opening of drawers. CPSC received a comment seeking clarity on where the force should be applied. The bars, drawer, and tabletop, as well as the floor in front of the test fixture, had force measurement instrumentation that recorded forces over time in the horizontal (fore-aft, x) and vertical (z) directions. 4.17 Prior to the Consumer Duty, the FCA had published its Vulnerable Customer Guidance , which sets out what firms should do to comply with their obligations under the Principles and ensure they treat vulnerable customers fairly (including under Principle 6). As the briefing package explains, CPSC has updated the economic analyses for this final rule based on commenter input. As such, built-in units are not considered freestanding. This section provides a brief overview of that information; for further information, see Tab D of the NPR briefing package. In addition to accreditation, certification, and verification, we provide tools and resources for health care professionals that can help make a difference in the delivery of care. 3.22 Similarly, the use of AI by individual firms and within financial markets may amplify many of the existing risks to financial stability through various transmission channels (see Figure 2). Although AS/NZS 4935 uses a heavier test weight than ASTM F2057-19, it is inadequate because neither stability test accounts for the moments children can exert on CSUs during interactions, such as climbing. All of the amendments were approved except for Amendment 8, which was blocked from appearing on the ballot by a court ruling. 99. Figure 1 to paragraph (a)(2)(i)Warning label content. Accordingly, the same fill weight applies to drawers and pull-out shelves.[100]. For example: for a 50-pound child These requirements are intended to reduce or eliminate an unreasonable risk of death or injury to consumers from CSU tip overs. These comparison tip-over moments determine whether the tip-over moment of the CSU is sufficient to withstand tipping over when child interactions identified in incidents and measured by UMTRI occur. Under section 9(f)(3) of the CPSA, the Commission may not issue a consumer product safety rule unless it finds (and includes in the rule): Id. 12/09/2022, 234 Staff determined that the ascend interaction from the UMTRI child climbing study was the most representative of a child climbing interaction seen in the incident data. Q17: Which existing industry standards (if any) are useful when developing, deploying, and/or using AI? Note: Use your mouse to scroll over the below text to see the full text. Fatal and nonfatal climbing incidents most often involved children 3 years old and younger. } Staff then tested the unit using the same methods and CSU configurations ( If the manufacturer does not provide a recommended use position by way of a stop, this is To address this, the final rule adds to the stability test configuration requirements that, after the CSU has been leveled, to record the maximum handhold height and the longest extendable element extension from fulcrum distance and door extension from fulcrum distance, as applicable. The unique entity identifier used in SAM.gov has changed. Because this alternative would provide only a limited increase in benefits, but a higher level of costs than the rule, the Commission did not select this alternative. Content: open/closed drawers, filled/empty drawers, tip weight). For example, the meaning of tipover restraint may not be clear to consumers, and directing consumers not to open more than one drawer at a time is not consistent with consumer use. So help me God.,and thereafter shall devote personal attention to the duties of the office, and continue in office until a successor qualifies. As explained in this preamble, staff has reviewed existing standards that address CSU instability and concluded that they do not adequately reduce the risk of injury. Q5: Are there any novel challenges specific to the use of AI within financial services that are not covered in this DP? For more details about market information, see Tab H of the final rule briefing package. Learn about the development and implementation of standardized performance measures. Janes | The latest defence and security news from Janes - the trusted source for defence intelligence Gain an understanding of the development of electronic clinical quality measures to improve quality of care. Furniture manufacturers most likely would purchase materials at much less than retail prices; however, to produce conservative estimates, CPSC staff did not include cost improvements associated with large scales of production and/or sourcing of materials. [15], To vote in Florida, one must be at least 18 years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a legal resident of Florida and the county in which he or she intends to vote. AS/NZS 4935 requires drawer extension to only two-thirds of extension length for both stability tests. Seven of the eight CRC referrals had been targeted in lawsuits with plaintiffs alleging that the amendments combined multiple subjects and/or had misleading or unclear ballot language. Use the link below, or request the application and any assistance you might need with the process from your business development manager. (5) The Commission considered providing a longer effective date. Based on comments and because Variant 1 showed better comprehension than the ASTM symbol or Variant 2, the final rule requires that Variant 1 be provided as part of the warning label. The information provided on the hang tag would allow consumers to make informed decisions on the comparative stability of CSUs when making a purchase and would provide a competitive incentive for manufactures to improve the stability of CSUs. A test laboratory reported only a 3 percent difference when comparing Test Method 1 conducted with weights to Test Method 2 conducted by hand. Specifically, FCA Handbook SYSC 21.1.2 details the role of the chief risk senior management function in challenging and ensuring the quality, quantity, and use of data. Another alternative would be to mandate a standard like ASTM F2057-19, but replace the 50-pound test weight with a 60-pound test weight. In this case, only the height of the hands above the feet matters. Some CSUs may have multiple fulcrums that will vary, depending on the direction the tip-over force is applied. For additional information about VSL, see Tab H of the final rule briefing package. Any manufacturer or importer of a clothing storage unit with an online sales interface ( We note the importance of building, maintaining, and reinforcing the trust of all stakeholders, including consumers in AI. (1) If the unit is not fully assembled, assemble the unit according to the manufacturer's instructions. The supervisory authorities encourage all relevant stakeholders to respond to this DP. The location where the pull force is applied may affect the outcome of the test, making it important that this force be applied consistently by testers. For further detailed regulatory requirements relating to algorithmic trading, see MAR 5.3A for multilateral trading facility (MTF) operators, MAR 5A.5 for organised trading facility (OTF) operators, REC 2.5 for recognised investment exchanges (RIEs), Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/584 for operators of trading venues (MTFs, OTFs, and RIEs) and MAR 7A.3 for firms engaged in algorithmic trading. Amendments 6 and 10 were ordered to appear on the ballot while Amendment 8 was removed from the ballot by the Supreme Court. Staff found that, for some CSUs, either a vertical or horizontal force, alone, could cause the CSU to tip over, but that the presence of both forces significantly increased the tip-over moment acting on the CSU. To identify an appropriate weight limit for CSUs, staff reexamined the incident data where the CSU weights were reported or where staff could determine the weight of the CSUs based on product information or other data sources. Staff calculated the ratio of nonfatal addressable incidents by the total number of nonfatal incidents for each age, and took the average of those percentages to calculate the aggregate nonfatal addressability. To address this confusion, the final rule specifies that the distance measurements to the fulcrum are to be taken before the force is applied in Test Method 1 and Test Method 2. For this reason, the third comparison tip-over moment, representing a child hanging on an open door, uses the weight of a 95th percentile 3-year-old child, or 51.2 pounds. Both the FCA Handbook and the PRA Rulebook contain provisions in respect of compliance, internal audit, financial crime, risk control, outsourcing, and record-keeping. This includes testing CSUs on a surface that simulates the effect of carpeting, since carpet is shown to be associated with increased instability. e.g., has a flat bottom surface) and provides, as examples, open shelf space that is not behind a door, display space behind a non-opaque door, and framed open clothing hanging space. 20. per CSU unit,[132] It is possible that the fulcrum position may shift forward as a CSU tilts or pivots forward during the test. Fulcrum X = 0. Overall, an estimated 35,800 (60 percent) of ED-treated tip-over injuries to children were to the head, neck, or face; and an estimated 11,000 (18 percent) were to the leg, foot, or toe. 4.7 The FCAs approach to consumer protection is based on a combination of the FCAs Principles for Businesses (the Principles), other high-level rules, and detailed rules, and guidance. Incident data indicates that tip-overs commonly involve CSUs and children and result in serious injuries and death. The NPR proposed that the rule would take effect 30 days after publication of the final rule in the Start Printed Page 72669 The hang tag also includes a titleStability Ratingto make clear what information is provided on the tag. The preceding analysis was based on a 12-inch (one foot) horizontal distance between the location of force exertion and the fulcrum. Staff considers the weight placement location for testing doors in ASTM F2057-19 (section 7.2) reasonable. Learn more about the communities and organizations we serve. CPSC has no information that indicates that any of these tests, all conducted by hand, would produce more or less consistent results than the others. 2063(a)(2). Staff identified three applicable tests: ANSI/BIFMA X6.5-2022, section 4.9; ANSI/BIFMA X6.5-2022, section 4.10; and balloted revisions to ASTM F2057-19. The tip restraints are installed in both the wall and unit during the test and a 300 N (67.4 pounds) horizontal force is applied in the direction most likely to overturn the unit. The NPR also noted that how a manufacturer intends a product to be used/installed ( ASTM F2057 has included stability requirements for The format of the hang tag is provided in the final rule and the hang tag must include the elements shown in the figure provided. Mtip For this reason, whether a product is a CSU depends on whether it meets the criteria in the definition, rather than what the name of the product is or the marketed use for the product. Staff also supplemented this data with results from other CSU testing staff had performed. Interlock The estimated number of models in use was also updated in the final rule.[143]. 4.57 Given the technical complexity of AI systems, it is important that staff responsible for developing or deploying them are competent to do so. More information on some of the potential risks and benefits associated with the use of AI in UK financial markets can be found in a report by the Alan Turing Institute, which was commissioned by the FCA. The incorporation by reference of the publication listed in this rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of May 24, 2023. CPSC rounded the volume down, so that CSUs with this closed storage would be included in the definition. CREATE A FOLLOWING Tribune Content Agency builds audience Our content engages millions of readers in 75 countries every day summarizes the standard. 801(a)(1). This could consist of a test method to assess the stability of a CSU model, a calculation for determining a stability rating based on the test results, and a requirement that the rating be provided for each CSU on a hang tag. Some participants in the in-home interviews and focus groups used nightstands for clothing storage, including for shirts; socks; pajamas; slippers; underwear; smaller/lighter items, such as tights or nightwear; seasonal items; and accessories. As discussed in this preamble, staff has determined that 8.5 pounds per cubic foot of functional storage volume represents a reasonable fill weight of clothing in CSUs. www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html. The tip-over moment is then calculated by multiplying the tip-over force by the vertical distance from the force application point to the fulcrum. Sixty-seven percent of the value of apparent consumption of non-upholstered wood furniture (net imports plus domestic production for the U.S. market) in 2020 was comprised of imported furniture, and the share held by imports has grown in recent years (up from 56 percent in 2017). e.g., (b) for better understanding how a document is structured but 4.33 Data architecture and infrastructure refers to the system, standards, and policies in which data are stored, arranged, and integrated. The ICM produced a national estimate of 23,695 adults treated in EDs and through hospital admissions because of injuries received when CSUs tipped over. Overall, these incidents indicate that the 57 pounds total weight is the lowest weight shown to result in fatality during a CSU tip over. For example, the FCAs Vulnerable Customer Guidance notes that firms may need to have regard to the Equality Act, and seeks similar outcomes to the Equality Acts anticipatory duty on reasonable adjustments.footnote [10] Some of the characteristics of vulnerability described in the FCAs Vulnerable Customer Guidance may overlap with protected characteristics under the Equality Act. The Preliminary Regulatory Analysis used the retail price as a conservative estimate of the cost of added weight, in part because the retail price included the price of shipping the MDF to the customer. EN 14749: 2016 does not include any requirements regarding warning labels. However, to address the commenter's concern, the final rule specifies that the panel in the symbol that shows the anti-tip device may be modified to show a specific anti-tip device included with the CSU. Thus, the CM of the child is important when evaluating the stability or tip-over propensity of the child/CSU-combined system. Incidents involving opening drawers most commonly involved children 3 years old and younger. However, some nonfatal incidents occurred during supervised time when parents were in the room with the child. *Calculated using 8.5 pounds per cubic foot. Using Test Method 1, there is a minimum weight required on an extendable element for a unit to have a stability rating of 1.0. Wholesalers and retailers may obtain their products from domestic sources or import them from foreign manufacturers. The Commission is to define what constitutes a significantly greater rate and the base period in the rule addressing stockpiling. (pound-feet) > 51.2Y 12.8 pound-feet. Among other requirements, each certificate must identify the manufacturer or private labeler issuing the certificate and any third-party conformity assessment body, on whose testing the certificate depends; the date and place of manufacture; the date and place where the product was tested; each party's name, full mailing address, telephone number, and contact information for the individual responsible for maintaining records of test results. 9. On specifics of shipping costs, the Final Regulatory Analysis includes an estimate of shipping furniture with added weight for an average of 16 cents per additional pound, which is highly unlikely to add 30 percent to the cost of a unit, given the average retail price of a CSU is estimated to be $338.50. e.g., Interested parties can also schedule an appointment to inspect a copy of the standard at CPSC's Office of the Secretary, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, telephone: 301-504-7479; email: For this reason, the third comparison tip-over moment in the rule represents the force from a 95th percentile 3-year-old child hanging on an open door of the CSU. (iii) For consumer-assembled units: The warning label shall be pre-attached to the panel, and the assembly instructions shall direct the consumer to place the panel with the warning label according to the placement requirements in paragraphs (a)(4)(i) and (ii) of this section. Using this VSL, the societal cost of annual child fatalities (involving only CSUs) is $42 million. However, the rule includes these products because there are some tip-over fatalities and injuries involving them, they are similar in design to the other CSUs included in the scope (unlike portable storage closets), and they are more likely to be used in homes than clothes lockers. Finally, neither test accounts for the effect of carpeting, which is common flooring in homes (particularly in bedrooms), is commonly present in tip-over incidents, and decreases CSU stability. Also, how can any such impacts be mitigated by either firms and/or the supervisory authorities? To assess whether the 8.5 pounds per-cubic-foot measure reasonably represents the weight of clothing in a drawer, CPSC staff conducted testing with folded and unfolded children's clothing on drawers of different sizes. The FMG CSU use study considered these factors, with focus group participants evaluating the ASTM F2057-19 warning label text, which is similar to the final rule. [45], For these reasons, the Commission finds that compliance with AS/NZS 4935 is not likely to adequately reduce the risk of injury associated with CSU tip overs. 3.4 Previous work by the supervisory authorities has shown that the drivers of AI risk in financial services can occur at different levels within AI systems (see Figure 1), starting with the risks associated with the use of data to train, test, and run AI models; which can feed into risks arising from the design and use of AI models themselves; which can, in turn, lead to challenges for the governance structures necessary to manage those risks. i.e., Staff used the results from this study to determine a test method that approximated the effect of carpet on CSU stability by tilting the unit forward (Tab D of the NPR briefing package). This DP sits within the broader context of this global debate and focuses on a specific area the regulation of AI within UK financial services. 2.11 The Bank and FCA previously defined AI in non-legal terms as the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks which previously required human intelligence. It makes our relationship with you invaluable. 15. Some of the incident recreations indicated that a child pulling on a drawer could have contributed to the CSU tipping over. Therefore, for a voluntary standard to be effective at reducing the hazard, it would need to be both effective and have a high level of compliance. 67. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis, Inc. 117. Start Printed Page 72646 433-446 (2004). It defines wardrobe as a furniture item primarily intended for hanging clothing that may also have one or more drawers, doors or other extendible elements, or fixed shelves. Tip over This measure would have abolished the Florida Constitution Revision Commission. Staff found that the 57-pound filled weight criterion would not exclude from the scope of the rule any CSUs that were involved in fatal CPSRMS incidents or nonfatal CPSRMS incidents that were not already excluded from the scope based on height. https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/CPSC-Warning-Label-Safety-Symbol-Research-Final-Report-with-CPSC-Staff-Statement.pdf?VersionId=qCnIivtD0HRs3dEW69p.UVSDxTxvvESq. 24. the load representative of normal clothing fill). Oxygen deprivation to the brain can cause unconsciousness in less than three minutes and may result in permanent brain damage or death when pressure is applied directly on the neck by the CSU or a component of the CSU (such as the edge of a drawer). This guidance built on the PRAs, FCAs, and FSAs prior enforcement activity and supervisory experience and was issued at a time when autonomous, decision-making technology such as AI was not as widespread and, as a result, the guidance does not explicitly refer to such technology. The final rule retains the 1.3 cubic feet minimum proposed in the NPR. The NPR defined tip over as the point at which a clothing storage unit pivots forward such that the rear feet or, if there are no feet, the edge of the CSU lifts at least The commenter also suggested that, if included in the rule, the fill weight for pull-out shelves should be reduced to 4.25 pounds per cubic feet, representing half of the 8.5 pounds used for a drawer's fill weight. The mean standing shoulder height of a 2-year-old male is 28.9 inches and 27.4 inches for a 2-year-old female. The estimated annual cost of the information collection requirements to the Federal Government is approximately $4,304, which includes 60 staff hours to examine and evaluate the information as needed for Compliance activities. margin-bottom: 10px; The benefits may include: (i) creating a common language for firms and regulators, which may ease uncertainty; (ii) assisting in a uniform and harmonised response from regulators towards AI; and (iii) providing a basis for identifying whether or not specific use cases might be captured under particular rules and principles. At This is part of the supervisory authorities wider programme of work related to AI, including the AI Public Private Forum, the final report of which was published in February 2022. It requires the mark or label to include the name and address of the manufacturer, distributor, or retailer; the model number; the month and year of manufacture; and state that the product complies with the proposed rule. Stay up to date with all the latest Joint Commission news, blog posts, webinars, and communications. Some items included on these pages (such as Joint Commission monographs) were developed several years ago. The moment generated with a horizontal force is higher as the location of the force application gets farther from the floor. Theyre one of the only methods of constitutional amendment that allow compoundingthat is placing unrelated propositions in one amendment that the voter has to vote up or down on." For CSUs with doors, the warning label must be on an interior side or back panel of the cabinet behind the door or on the interior door panel, and must not be obscured by a shelf or other interior element. Consistent with these incident data, the UMTRI child climbing study found that caregivers commonly reported that their children opened and closed drawers when interacting with furniture. of clothing load or child interactions) that contribute to the instability of a CSU. 51. 72. The rule establishes a comparison moment based on a horizontal pull force applied to the top of an extended drawer in the top row of drawers, or to another potential handhold, that is less than or equal to 4.12 feet high (49.44 inches). But this can also make such systems more susceptible to data drift and concept drift, which in can in turn make the models and systems less stable. Therefore, consistent with the comments, the final rule removes the requirement that the force be applied to the back of the CSU because the appropriate force application location may differ depending on the unit design and this will allow testers the flexibility to determine the best location to apply a force when using Test Method 2 for each unit. Start Printed Page 72603 Participants included parents of children 12 to 72 months old, people without young children in the home who were planning to have children in the next 5 years, and people without young children in the home who are visited regularly by children 12 to 72 months old. 1021.5(c)(1). This alternative would be less costly than the rule because many clothing storage units already meet such a requirement, and it would likely cost less to modify noncompliant units to meet this less stringent standard. 4.51 PRA-authorised SM&CR banking and insurance firms and FCA-authorised enhanced scope SM&CR firms must ensure that one or more of their SMF managers have overall responsibility for each of the activities, business areas, and management functions of the firm. 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