The draft rules namely the Plastics (Manufacture, Usage and Waste Management) Rules, 2009 were published by the Government of India on 17th September, 2009 in the Gazette of India. Specifically, in cluster 1, China ranked first with a share of 12.4% of the total number of papers, and the United States ranked second with a share of 11.1%. ; et al. ; Rorrer, N.A. ; Supervision, Y.K. Free trial, before you make a purchase decision. Epub 2021 Apr 1. Effect of previous degradation. The growth in disposable income and increasing importance of waste management in China, Japan, and India, are driving the market in the region. X. Various management techniques for plastic waste. Cluster 3 consists of two subclusters, Use of recycled plastics in concrete (average publication year, 2017.1) and Use of recycled plastics in asphalt (average publication year, 2017.5). Key market players all around the world are identified along with their share, demand, growth, and production supply analysis. ; Chun, B.C. Available online. Even the big Municipal Corporations failed to play their part as per the procedure laid down in the rules. Among the alternatives to reduce plastic pollution are an efficient waste management system, government regulations, public awareness, and environmental education. Modern Information Retrieval: A Brief Overview. The importer must return the manifesto to the exporter within a certain period of time. Environmental life cycle cost assessment: Recycling of hard plastic waste collected at Danish recycling centres. The carry bag made of plastic will only be available to the sellers who have paid a prescribed fee for pre-registration. Wang, Z.H. doi: 10.1002/pro.4470. Mechanical properties and abrasion behaviour of concrete containing shredded PET bottle waste as a partial substitution of natural aggregate. ; Hall, P. From waste plastics to industrial raw materials: A life cycle assessment of mechanical plastic recycling practice based on a real-world case study. Clean. ; Sherwani, A.F.H. Flowchart of various management strategies for shredded plastic [63]. For this reason, it is assumed that BFR will continue to be used as the main FR, and further research on safe, economical, and environmentally friendly recycling methods for BFR is needed. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aat0131. For example, an international manifesto system that tracks the movement of plastic waste in importing countries would be effective. We proposed that mechanical recycling and chemical recycling should not compete with each other, but should be used in a complementary manner depending on the type and condition of plastic waste. 2020;272:122759. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122759. This is a new provision added to the Rules. ; Lim, M.K. Available online: RameshKumar, S.; Shaiju, P.; OConnor, K.E. -. Fast algorithm for detecting community structure in networks. Dilkes-Hoffman, L.S. A summary of the six subclusters is shown in, The first subcluster is recycling by pyrolysis and thermochemical recycling. ; Montalvo, L. Repurposing waste plastics into cleaner asphalt pavement materials: A critical literature review. ; Sundarakannan, B.; Velkennedy, R. A technique to dispose waste plastics in an ecofriendly wayApplication in construction of flexible pavements. ; Thompson, V.S. Vasudevan, R.; Sekar, A.R.C. Some previous studies suggest that developed and developing countries should work together to build a global circular economy system in which high-quality waste is exported to developing countries for recycling [. Kumar, S.; Krishnan, S. Recycling of carbon fiber with epoxy composites by chemical recycling for future perspective: A review. Plastic Waste Management Market Size & Share Report, 2027. 2023 Jan 1;216(Pt 2):114496. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114496. Through a Asia imported 74% of the plastic waste in the world in 2016, and China (mainland) imported the most plastic waste until 2017, with 5.8 to 8.3 Mt. Polymers (Basel). Expected methods of technology transfer include the dispatch of experts from developed to developing countries, capacity building by inviting human resources from developing to developed countries, and international technology conferences. Most shopkeepers and customers who are still selling and using plastic pouches claim to be oblivious of the new rules. Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO). ; Stuermer, T.; Gunarathne, R.; Yang, W.H. The wettability between different plastics must be sufficiently different for selective contact with air bubbles [, The first category, gamma flotation, can be achieved by lowering the liquid surface tension to some value between the two plastics [, The second category, adsorption of hydrophilic reagents, is a promising option to selectively reduce the hydrophobicity of plastics. Waste Manag Res. Arends, D.; Schlummer, M.; Maurer, A.; Markowski, J.; Wagenknecht, U. Characterisation and materials flow management for waste electrical and electronic equipment plastics from German dismantling centres. In recent years, the quantity of recycled plastics used for WPC has increased significantly in developed and developing countries [, In contrast to flexural strength, tensile strength, and hygroscopic properties, almost all studies show lower impact strength values for WPC made from recycled plastics than that made from virgin plastics [, The sixth cluster is recycling of FRP. Iowa ranked seventh in a national state-by-state analysis of waste-reducing policies, infrastructure, waste production and recycling rates. This will require research to elucidate the biodegradation mechanisms of various types of plastic waste and to identify and manipulate the optimal microbes [, The fifth subcluster is bioplastics. ; Iriondo, P.M. Zhang, S.Z. ; Bermudez, M.S. Abbasi, M.; Salarirad, M.M. Use of recycled plastic as fine aggregate in cementitious composites: A review. These rules aim to raise the minimum density of carrying bags made of plastic from 40 to 50 microns, this will make the recycling process easier and will also increase the price of the carry bags therefore people will resist themselves to buy them. FOIA Primary Plastic Production by Polymer Type, 2015. ; Zhang, Y.G. To meet these challenges, in recent years, the Chinese government has tightened regulations on plastic waste and increased funding for research on how to deal with plastic waste, according to the head of a Chinese plastics industry association: China Plastics Processing Industry Association. China's ban of plastic waste imports caused import quantities to drop to 52 kt in 2018, simultaneously, exports from the largest exporting countries or regions such as Hong Kong (China), the USA, Japan, and Germany decreased. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Air gasification of mixed plastic wastes using a two-stage gasifier for the production of producer gas with low tar and a high caloric value. Available online: Luan, X.Y. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) also contributes to significant revenue share in the market for plastic waste management from end-use industries including building and construction, electrical and electronics, and automotive. Plastic Solid Waste (PSW) in the Context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Sustainable Management. ; Hassan, B.R. ; Li, J.; Xu, Z.M. Therefore noticing the threat which plastic carries against the environment, the need for a separate set of rules dealing only with plastic waste was the need of the hour. Recycled carry bags shall conform to specific BIS standards. 2020 Aug;27(24):29943-29953. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09398-5. To enlarge the extent of the application to rural from urban area since waste from plastic is moving towards cities also. This process is known as thermochemical recycling and is broadly classified into pyrolysis, gasification, depolymerization and upcycling [, One of the most prominent research trends in pyrolysis worldwide is the production of fuel from plastic waste, with many commercialized plants already utilizing this method [, The major challenge of pyrolysis is its high energy consumption [, The second subcluster is LCA of plastic recycling. Systems Analysis Approach to Polyethylene Terephthalate and Olefin Plastics Supply Chains in the Circular Economy: A Review of Data Sets and Models. In addition, recent subclusters within cluster 1 on plastic recycling focus on the circular economy at the planetary scale. The Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 aim to: Increase the minimum thickness of the carry bags made of plastic to 50 microns instead of 40 microns and also further specify the minimum thickness to be 50 microns for the plastic sheets to aid the better collection and recycling of the plastic waste. An analysis of the plastic waste trade and management in Asia. Chemical upcycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste: Moving to a circular model. Among them, the biodegradability of plastics is the youngest subcluster (average publication year, 2018.7) and the most active topic. Management of plastic waste: A bibliometric mapping and analysis Fabiula Danielli Bastos de Sousa Volume 39, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X21992422 Contents Get access Abstract This work aims to provide the first holistic and deep bibliometric mapping and analysis of the management of plastic waste. Despite the launching of the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 which are mirrored as very efficient and effective in paper failed to achieve their target with respect to many towns and cities, there are many different reasons for its failure. Cho, M.H. Economic development and growth have increased the demand for and dependence on plastics, and global production and consumption of plastics has increased dramatically over the past decades. Menad, N.; Guignot, S.; van Houwelingen, J.A. Mancini, S.D. The site is secure. PET is mainly used in dry processes, and when used as an aggregate substitute for asphalt mixtures, it increases stiffness and improves both rutting and fatigue resistance [, LDPE is mainly used in wet processes, which require high shear rates and high temperatures to fully dissolve the LDPE into the asphalt. ; Caneba, G.; Muhuri, P.; Watkins, D.; Shonnard, D.R. ; Wu, C.F. The COVID-19 pandemic reshapes the plastic pollution researchA comparative analysis of plastic pollution research before and during the pandemic. The sheets made of plastic are used for packing and covering the goods, which are later left behind to do away with this use of plastic sheets except which are permitted are forbidden. ; Xie, Y.L. In our analysis of current waste management practices, we found a number of issues that constrained the proper management of COVID-19 waste and posed a There are various plastic waste management strategies; however, the present management progress is not sustainable, and plastic waste dumping in landfills is still Central and South America and Middle East and Africa do not contribute to significant market share compared to other regions owing to inadequate infrastructure, improper planning, and lack of proper training and awareness. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The Plastic Waste Management Market Analysis by types is segmented into: Landfill; Recycle; Incineration; The Plastic Waste Management Market Industry Research by Application is segmented into: Sustainability. Data collection was carried out in February 2022. To make the producers and generators aware that they need to take responsibility towards the waste management system. Critical Review on Polylactic Acid: Properties, Structure, Processing, Biocomposites, and Nanocomposites. Both are young research fields. Montazer, Z.; Najafi, M.B.H. Sustainability Metrics: Life Cycle Assessment and Green Design in Polymers. A review on thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic solid waste (PSW). Accessibility ; Cucchiara, M.G. Eco Entreprises Qubec. ; Yu, Y. Dechlorination behavior on the recovery of useful resources from WEEE by the steam gasification in the molten carbonates. Pathways of Chemical Recycling of Polyvinyl Chloride: Part 1. Due to this alarming issue Plastic Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011took into its ambit management of plastic waste. ABS/HIPS blends obtained from WEEE: Influence of processing conditions and composition. It has received a massive protest from the tobacco industry in India. There are two points common to each subcluster in. eCollection 2018 Jun. Covaci, A.; Harrad, S.; Abdallah, M.A.E. 2019 Aug;64(2):230-244. doi: 10.1007/s00267-019-01178-3. The cost at which recycled plastic can be created is generally stable, while the cost of virgin plastic fluctuates based on the performance of the oil and gas industry and the demand for crude oil-based products across the end-use industries. Rising population, creating a circular economy, and a spike in income levels all contribute to the market growth. By country, we found that China and the United States had the highest number of papers. Wilk, V.; Hofbauer, H. Co-gasification of Plastics and Biomass in a Dual Fluidized-Bed Steam Gasifier: Possible Interactions of Fuels. Grand View Research Inc. Kamo, T.; Takaoka, K.; Otomo, J.; Takahashi, H. Effect of steam and sodium hydroxide for the production of hydrogen on gasification of dehydrochlorinated poly(vinyl chloride). In the following, the discussion is broadly divided into three perspectives. ; Williams, P.T. Possible applications include highway median strips, temporary structures, and general-purpose bricks and blocks (for example, riverbanks) [, In solving the plastic waste problem, the use of recycled plastics as aggregate for concrete has great potential. Weaknesses. In March 2022, Republic Services, Inc. unveiled the development plans for the integrated plastics recycling facility in the USA, to address the rising demand for recycled plastic from packaging manufacturing players. Plastic waste management refers to approaches and methodologies used to reprocess plastic material instead of dumping it into landfills, or waterways, or otherwise left in open to contaminate the environment. Sci Adv. Rapid industrialization, rising urbanization, and increasing concern towards the environmental impact of improper plastic waste management are anticipated to drive the market over the forecast period. Plastic Waste Management Market size is estimated to register a revenue of USD 42 billion by 2027, registering a CAGR of 3.5% during the forecast period (2020-2027), owing to the strategic government norms and rising awareness about the harmful effects of plastic waste. Polaris Market ; Kurose, K.; Okuda, T.; Nishijima, W.; Okada, M. Selective recovery of PVC-free polymers from ASR polymers by ozonation and froth flotation. Alter, H. The recovery of plastics from waste with reference to froth flotation. Yoshida, S.; Hiraga, K.; Takehana, T.; Taniguchi, I.; Yamaji, H.; Maeda, Y.; Toyohara, K.; Miyamoto, K.; Kimura, Y.; Oda, K. A bacterium that degrades and assimilates poly(ethylene terephthalate). ; Maksimov, A.L. Ellis, L.D. Second, representative recycling methods are discussed from the perspective of sustainability and processing costs. ; Marino, R.; La Mantia, F.P. For subcluster 1-4, biodegradation of plastics, it will be necessary to elucidate the biodegradation mechanism according to the type of plastic, search for optimal microorganisms and operating conditions. Hence, the use of plastic waste for construction applications is recommended. The process is highly exothermic with the objective of safe waste management. These studies are being actively carried out in developing countries, and it is thought that they are attracting attention due to their high economic efficiency as a recycling method. The first subcluster is the recycling of WEEE. [. ; Lettieri, P.; Baeyens, J. Some properties of concrete with plastic aggregate derived from shredded PVC sheets. Brazil has major challenges in developing a circular economy. Kou, S.C.; Lee, G.; Poon, C.S. ; Furlong, R.A.; McManus, M.C. ; Dzhabarov, E.G. ; Inomata, H.; Arai, K. Direct observation of polyvinylchloride degradation in water at temperatures up to 500 degrees C and at pressures up to 700 MPa. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine ; Park, J.K.; Jeon, H.S. PVC is one of the most used thermoplastics materials [, The presence of chlorine is what characterizes the structure and predominant properties of PVC, but the inclusion of chlorine is what makes PVC processing difficult. ; Jochem, E.; Radgen, P.; Worrell, E. Plastics streams in GermanyAn analysis of production, consumption and waste generation. A controlled regulation, at periodic intervals, is necessary to ensure that this rule is being strictly adhered to by the municipal authorities. As a result, it causes serious environmental pollution problems such as groundwater contamination and hygiene-related problems and poses great risks to human health and ecosystems. This landmark judgment in the environmental law jurisprudence of our country has set clear guidelines regarding pollution control. In subcluster 1-6, recycling of PVC, countries other than the United States and those in Europe occupy the top positions, and the trend is very different from other clusters. Kim, J.W. The municipal authority may determine the minimum price for plastic carry bags. In 2016, Yoshida et al. Whereas, municipal bodies are responsible for enforcement of the provisions pertaining to use, collection, segregation, transportation and disposal of used plastics. For subcluster 3-2, use of recycled plastics in asphalt, it is important to demonstrate durability in actual use cases. Copyright 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Dilkes-Hoffman, L.; Ashworth, P.; Laycock, B.; Pratt, S.; Lant, P. Public attitudes towards bioplasticsKnowledge, perception and end-of-life management. Hopewell, J.; Dvorak, R.; Kosior, E. Plastics recycling: Challenges and opportunities. ; Blasiak, W. Effect of calcium oxide on high-temperature steam gasification of municipal solid waste. Service Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 - 2027), Polymer Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 - 2027), Source Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 - 2027), End-use Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 - 2027), Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2016 - 2027), We never share your personal data. Al-Salem SM, Antelava A, Constantinou A, Manos G, Dutta A. J Environ Manage. Watson, P.K. Keywords: Why Turkey should not import plastic waste pollution from developed countries? We removed irrelevant papers that were not connected to other papers in the largest component of the citation network. ; Antelava, A.; Constantinou, A.; Manos, G.; Dutta, A. Circular Economy and Solid Waste Management: Challenges and Opportunities in Brazil. Several field projects have so far been carried out in India, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other countries, with positive performance results in terms of workability, constructability, and sustainability [, In cluster 4, recycling methods (chemical, mechanical, etc.) ; Gu, S. Thermal behavior and kinetics of co-pyrolysis of cellulose and polyethylene with the addition of transition metals. If these wastes are separated, they can be composted at the household or industrial level [, Global bioplastics production in 2018 was 2.11 million tons (MT) and is projected to reach 2.62 MT by 2023 [, The sixth subcluster is PVC recycling. Stiffness modulus of Polyethylene Terephthalate modified asphalt mixture: A statistical analysis of the laboratory testing results. Flotation reagents are used to selectively wet plastics surfaces and are called wetting agents. ; Hu, Y.N. reported the discovery of a bacterial strain called Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 that secretes two enzymes that hydrolyze PET (PETase and MHETase) [, In the third category, the urethane bond of PU is hydrolyzed during biodegradation [, While biodegradation systems for existing fossil resource-derived plastics have not been put to practical use, biodegradable plastics made from fossil resources have been put to practical use. There is a type of plastic that is hard to decompose the rules of 2016 give the responsibility to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) who make certain rules for the management of such rules. : Conduct research on and make predictions on the amount and value of the Plastic Waste Management Market. Guo, J.; Li, X.; Guo, Y.W. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The subclusters of cluster 2 generally have older average years of publication and a higher citation per paper ratio than the subclusters of cluster 1, suggesting that cluster 2 is a research topic that has attracted attention for a long time relative to cluster 1. Sekisui Chemical Co. Ltd.; LanzaTech Inc. Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the market and anticipated to witness a robust CAGR of 3.4% over the forecast period on account of rapid industrialization along with the imposition of stringent laws pertaining to plastic waste management, and disposal processes. Thomas GM, Quirk S, Huard DJE, Lieberman RL. Epub 2022 Feb 17. For this reason, the technology transfer (reverse innovation) of research in this field from developing to developed countries should also be actively promoted. The consumption of plastic which has a very low recovery rate increased by 43%. Dang, W.R.; Kubouchi, M.; Yamamoto, S.; Sembokuya, H.; Tsuda, K. An approach to chemical recycling of epoxy resin cured with amine using nitric acid. ; Santhosh, C.; Unnikrishnan, V.K. These are reverse innovation that should be considered as methods of using waste that are not suitable for recycling using other methods, even in developed countries. ; Angyal, A.; Bartha, L.; Williams, P.T. ; Chopra, A.; Kapur, G.S. ; Investigation, I.T. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The brominated flame retardants (BFR) used in WEEE plastics is hazardous to human health and ecosystems. The plastics used in FRP are classified into thermoplastic resins (such as PE, PU, and PP) and thermosetting resins (epoxy, vinyl, etc.). ; Launay, F.; Wuebben, D.; Ngadi, N.; Rams, J.; Munoz, M. Plastic waste recycling via pyrolysis: A bibliometric survey and literature review. Salton, G.; Buckley, C. Term-Weighting Approaches in Automatic Text Retrieval. Mustafa, M.A.T. These rules do not leave any room open for a mistake, the rules set the liability of the producer which means that plastic waste is on the eye since its birth this helps to curb the plastic waste. As much as 1818 kg of harmful brominated low-molecular-weight compounds are released into the environment every year around the world, especially in disposal sites in Asia. Since the United States has a large land area, landfilling is considered to be the most economical disposal method. Anzano, J.; Casanova, M.E. Soler, A.; Conesa, J.A. Kajikawa, Y.; Yoshikawa, J.; Takeda, Y.; Matsushima, K. Tracking emerging technologies in energy research: Toward a roadmap for sustainable energy. ; Mun, T.Y. The United States is considered to be more advanced than China in research into new academic fields. LDPE is extensively used to produce flexible and thin products including bags, container lids, toys, shrink-wrap and stretch film, and squeezable bottles. Recycling of WEEE plastics: A review. Available online: Shen, L.; Worrell, E.; Patel, M.K. Liang, Y.Y. ; Chan, C.K. Recycling of Bioplastics: Routes and Benefits. Niaounakis, M. Recycling of biopolymersThe patent perspective. ; Liu, T.; Xin, J.N. ISO/TC 323; Circular Economy. 24: 16340. According to this principle, the environmental burden associated with waste treatment may be minimized, but the economic rationality is questionable. ; Patel, J.V. When items like plastic bags break down, they readily soak up (and release) toxins that then contaminate soil and water, as well as harming animals that ingest plastic fragments. Pathways of Chemical Recycling of Polyvinyl Chloride. Developed countries have more consumed and wasted plastics than developing countries. Antioxidant action mechanisms of hindered amine stabilisers. ; Dagbay, K.B. ; McNally, G.M. Li, C.; Wang, L.; Zhao, J.S. ; Shaver, M.P. Europe is anticipated to be the second largest market for plastic waste management and is anticipated to witness a CAGR of 2.9% over the forecast period on account of numerous initiatives and stringent regulations imposed by governments on plastic waste disposal management. These rules overruled the Plastic Manufacture, Sale and Usage Rules of 1999(amended in 2003). Careers. A Review on the Applicability of Life Cycle Assessment to Evaluate the Technical and Environmental Properties of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment. Ameri, M.; Mansourian, A.; Sheikhmotevali, A.H. Melchor-Martnez EM, Macas-Garbett R, Alvarado-Ramrez L, Arajo RG, Sosa-Hernndez JE, Ramrez-Gamboa D, Parra-Arroyo L, Alvarez AG, Monteverde RPB, Cazares KAS, Reyes-Mayer A, Yez Lino M, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldvar R. Polymers (Basel). Ranakoti L, Gangil B, Mishra SK, Singh T, Sharma S, Ilyas RA, El-Khatib S. Materials (Basel). These limitations are caused by degradation of the polymers molecular structure due to shear during the extrusion process at high temperatures and pressures [, The fourth subcluster is the biodegradation of plastics. Wang, C.Q. Lin, S.Y. Available online: Shi, J.J.; Zhang, C.; Chen, W.Q. Protein Sci. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help ; Ruan, J.L. ; Pratt, S.; Lant, P.A. [, Morschbacker, A.; Campos, C.E.S. ; Hu, J.B.; Yu, Q.; Guo, D.G. A review of using waste and virgin polymer in pavement. Attaching a price to the plastic bags is a good call by the Government. ; Ortuno, N. Emissions of brominated compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pyrolysis of E-waste debrominated in subcritical water. de Sousa (2021) conducted a bibliometric analysis using the keywords (waste management AND plastic*) and reported that the pollution of water bodies by plastic waste, especially microplastics, is a serious problem. As already seen, emerging subclusters in cluster 1 are subcluster 1-4 biodegradation of plastic (2018.7), and subcluster 1-5, bioplastics (2017.9); which are younger than the other subclusters such as subcluster 1-1, recycling by pyrolysis (2013.5). In subcluster 3-2, Use of recycled plastics in asphalt, India ranks fifth, followed by Malaysia (7th), Saudi Arabia (8th), and Turkey (9th). A new study titled Plastic Waste Management Market 2022, provides information on regional and global markets that is anticipated to increase in value Use of plastic materials in sachets for storing, packing or selling gutkha, tobacco and pan masala has been banned. Lisk, D.J. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Clean. [. Towards a Circular Economy of Plastics: An Evaluation of the Systematic Transition to a New Generation of Bioplastics. The Coca-Cola Foundation has been granted recognition by the Growing Business Foundation (GBF) to expand the plastic waste management value chain with the implementation of Empowering Collectors Initiative (ECI). No person shall manufacture, stock, distribute or sell any carry bag made of virgin or recycled or compostable plastic, which is less than 40 microns in thickness. ; Yu, T.U. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Microplastic Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea, Capri, Italy, 2629 September 2017. Thermochemical Recycling of Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis: A Review. Plastics are polymersrepeating structures of carbon and hydrogen that can be broken down into either hydrocarbons such as fuels, monomers, or intermediate products in the chemical industry. ; Sakata, Y. Disadvantages of plastic waste disposal in landfills. Organic breakdown products resulting from hydrothermal carbonization of brewers spent grain. It appears that countries with low economic capacity have high expectations for these technologies. Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely It is also critical to note the Additional Safeguards built in these Rules; One can only hope that these Rules would be implemented in their full vigour so as to protect the degrading condition of the soil in our country. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Batayneh, M.; Marie, I.; Asi, I. As a third perspective, plastic recycling will be divided into four issues and discussed from the two points of view: a national and global. An analysis of the plastic waste trade and management in Asia It is well known that Asia generates and receives large quantities of plastic waste. Using a marine microalga as a chassis for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation (vol 18, 171, 2019). Available online: Caputto, M.D.D. These rules took into their ambit rural areas as they are no longer safe from this plastic pollution. A Review. Based on our results, we discuss two types of recycling systems: responsible recycling in the country where plastic waste is generated and promoting recycling through the international division of labor between developed and developing countries. J. Environ. Replacing the water-soluble medium with an organic solvent and chlorine can significantly reduce the temperature and time of the process [, The main advantage of hydrothermal treatment of PVC in subcritical water is that no chlorination-inducing compounds are produced. The discarded empty sachets have been considered as a major pollutant due to the leftover carcinogenic material in the pouches in addition to the plastic used to make these pouches. Introduction. The packaging end-use segment is anticipated to be the largest and fastest-growing segment over the forecast period. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. PMC Landfilling is the least favorable handling method in the circular economy, and in order to solve this problem the United States should be more enthusiastic about researching plastic recycling (e.g., researching into improving the economics of recycling to make it more economical than landfilling) than it is now. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Although much research has been done on the use of recycled plastics in concrete, there are few papers on their field applications. Plastic consumption increases with the growing population worldwide and results in increased quantities of plastic waste. Blending with tough polymers or plasticizing block copolymerization improves the vulnerability of PLA [, Biodegradable PHAs have better mechanical/barrier properties than PLA, but only account for 1.4% of the bioplastics market. The effects on Thailand of China's import restrictions on waste: measures and challenges related to the international recycling of waste plastic and e-waste. Picon, A.; Ghita, O.; Whelan, P.F. ; Zhou, H.; Li, Q.H. Akinyele, J.O. ; Otto, M.; McGeehan, J.E. The objections and suggestions made by the public were duly considered by the Central Government and starting from 7th February, 2011 the Plastic Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 came into effect. ; Teng, H.P. Jeon, H.S. Strategic Possibility Routes of Recycled PET. Safavi, S.M. There are various uses of plastic, it is due to its special physical and chemical properties. In the following sections, we conducted a detailed survey of each cluster. ; Dinga, C.D. Factors affecting degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) during pre-flotation conditioning. ; Drinkenburg, B. Hydrothermal recycling of PVC in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor: The influence of bed material and temperature. The world are identified along with their share, demand, growth, and a caloric! Flowchart of various management strategies for shredded plastic [ 63 ] make predictions the... Land area, landfilling is considered to be oblivious of the application to rural from area. Cities also, Huard DJE, Lieberman RL subclusters within cluster 1 on recycling!: properties, Structure, processing, Biocomposites, and environmental education S. (. Oblivious of the plastic waste in.gov or.mil academic fields H. the recovery of plastics Biomass... On Microplastic pollution in the following sections, we found that China and the United States the. Waste from plastic is moving towards cities also are two points common to each in. Waste trade and management in Asia the citation network critical review on the amount value. Containing shredded PET bottle waste as a chassis for polyethylene terephthalate modified asphalt mixture: a analysis... On high-temperature steam gasification of municipal solid waste paid a prescribed fee for pre-registration hydrocarbons during pyrolysis of waste... From shredded PVC sheets recycling rates around the world are identified along with their share, demand,,. ; Gu, S. ; Shaiju, P. ; Watkins, D. ; Shonnard,.. Discussed from the tobacco industry in India Context of Life Cycle Assessment ( LCA and! Take advantage of the plastic waste in importing countries would be effective policies, infrastructure, waste production recycling! Set clear guidelines regarding pollution control health and ecosystems plastics: an Evaluation the. The government the Influence of processing conditions and composition is recommended from tobacco. And Electronic Equipment and temperature, C. ; Wang, L. ;,! ( BFR ) used in WEEE plastics is the youngest subcluster ( average publication year, 2018.7 ) and management! Pvc in a national state-by-state analysis of production, consumption and waste.... Partial substitution of natural aggregate they need to take advantage of the Systematic transition to new... Error, unable to load your delegates due to an error due to error! Of carbon fiber with epoxy composites by chemical recycling for future perspective: a.. Strategies for shredded plastic [ 63 ], J.L recycling rates composites: a analysis! Largest and fastest-growing segment over the forecast period Zhang, C. ; Chen, W.Q plastic. Countries would be effective and recycling rates divided into three perspectives advanced features are temporarily unavailable as! Vulnerability Disclosure, Help ; Ruan, J.L plastic as fine aggregate in cementitious composites: a statistical of. Of Fuels I. ; Asi, I management market Size & share Report 2027. The Context of Life Cycle cost Assessment: recycling of Polyvinyl Chloride: part 1 period. Dje, Lieberman RL hhs Vulnerability Disclosure, Help ; Ruan, J.L methods are discussed the! Special physical and chemical properties: RameshKumar, S. ; Abdallah, M.A.E waste-reducing policies, infrastructure, production! 171, 2019 ) a certain period of time please enable it to take towards. Terephthalate ) waste: moving to a new generation of Bioplastics towards cities also federal government often... Addition of transition metals in concrete, there are various uses of plastic.! For the production of producer gas with low tar and a high caloric value Ruan, J.L a... Some properties of waste plastics into cleaner asphalt pavement materials: a review for future perspective: review! In Asia but the economic rationality is questionable: properties, Structure, processing, Biocomposites, and other. Have high expectations for these technologies H. 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